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首页> 外文期刊>Cell motility and the cytoskeleton >Effects of acrylamide, latrunculin, and nocodazole on intracellular transport and cytoskeletal organization in melanophores.
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Effects of acrylamide, latrunculin, and nocodazole on intracellular transport and cytoskeletal organization in melanophores.

机译：丙烯酰胺，latrunculin和诺考达唑对黑素细胞的细胞内转运和细胞骨架组织的影响。

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The effects of acrylamide (ACR), nocodazole, and latrunculin were studied on intracellular transport and cytoskeletal morphology in cultured Xenopus laevis melanophores, cells that are specialized for regulated and bidirectional melanosome transport. We used three different methods; light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and spectrophotometry. ACR affected the morphology of both microtubules and actin filaments in addition to inhibiting retrograde transport of melanosomes but leaving dispersion unaffected. Using the microtubule-inhibitor nocodazole and the actin filament-inhibitor latrunculin we found that microtubules and actin filaments are highly dependent on each other, and removing either component dramatically changed the organization of the other. Both ACR and latrunculin induced bundling of microtubules, while nocodazole promoted formation of filaments resembling stress fibers organized from the cell center to the periphery. Removal of actin filaments inhibited dispersion of melanosomes, further concentrated the central pigment mass in aggregated cells, and induced aggregation even in the absence of melatonin. Nocodazole, on the other hand, prevented aggregation and caused melanosomes to cluster and slowly disperse. Dispersion of nocodazole-treated cells was induced upon addition of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), showing that dispersion can proceed in the absence of microtubules, but the distribution pattern was altered. It is well established that ACR has neurotoxic effects, and based on the results in the present study we suggest that ACR has several cellular targets of which the minus-end microtubule motor dynein and the melatonin receptor might be involved. When combining morphological observations with qualitative and quantitative measurements of intracellular transport, melanophores provide a valuable model system for toxicological studies.
机译：在培养的非洲爪蟾黑色素细胞中研究了丙烯酰胺（ACR），诺考达唑和拉特库林对细胞内转运和细胞骨架形态的影响，该细胞专门用于调节和双向的黑色素体转运。我们使用了三种不同的方法;光学显微镜，荧光显微镜和分光光度法。除抑制黑素体的逆行转运外，ACR还影响了微管和肌动蛋白丝的形态，但分散体未受影响。使用微管抑制剂诺考达唑和肌动蛋白丝抑制剂latrunculin，我们发现微管和肌动蛋白丝彼此高度依赖，去除其中的任何一种成分都会显着改变另一种的组织。 ACR和latrunculin均可诱导微管的束缚，而诺考达唑促进细丝的形成，类似于从细胞中心到外围组织的应力纤维。肌动蛋白丝的去除抑制了黑素体的分散，使集中的色素团块进一步浓缩在聚集的细胞中，甚至在缺乏褪黑激素的情况下也诱导了聚集。另一方面，诺考达唑阻止了聚集并导致黑素体聚集并缓慢分散。加入α-黑素细胞刺激激素（MSH）后，可以诱导经nocodazole处理的细胞的分散，这表明在没有微管的情况下可以进行分散，但是分布模式发生了变化。众所周知，ACR具有神经毒性作用，根据本研究的结果，我们建议ACR具有几个细胞靶标，其中负端微管运动动力蛋白和褪黑激素受体可能参与其中。当将形态学观察与细胞内转运的定性和定量测量相结合时，黑素细胞为毒理学研究提供了有价值的模型系统。

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