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Mechanisms of Diffusional Search for Specific Targets by DNA-Dependent Proteins

机译：DNA依赖蛋白扩散搜索特定目标的机制。

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To perform their functions, many DNA-dependent proteins have to quickly locate specific targets against the vast excess of nonspecific DNA. Although this problem was first formulated over 40 years ago, the mechanism of such search remains one of the unsolved fundamental problems in the field of protein-DNA interactions. Several complementary mechanisms have been suggested: sliding, based on one-dimensional random diffusion along the DNA contour; hopping, in which the protein "jumps" between the closely located DNA fragments; macroscopic association-dissociation of the protein-DNA complex; and intersegmental transfer. This review covers the modern state of the problem of target DNA search, theoretical descriptions, and methods of research at the macroscopic (molecule ensembles) and microscopic (individual molecules) levels. Almost all studied DNA-dependent proteins search for specific targets by combined three-dimensional diffusion and one-dimensional diffusion along the DNA contour.
机译：为了执行其功能，许多依赖DNA的蛋白质必须针对大量非特异性DNA迅速定位特异性靶标。尽管这个问题最初是在40多年前提出的，但是这种搜索的机制仍然是蛋白质-DNA相互作用领域尚未解决的基本问题之一。已经提出了几种互补的机制：基于沿着DNA轮廓的一维随机扩散而滑动;以及跳跃，蛋白质在紧邻的DNA片段之间“跳跃”;蛋白质-DNA复合物的宏观缔合-解离;和部门间转移。这篇综述涵盖了目标DNA搜索问题的现代状态，理论描述以及宏观（分子整体）和微观（单个分子）水平的研究方法。几乎所有研究的依赖DNA的蛋白质都是通过沿着DNA轮廓的三维扩散和一维扩散相结合来寻找特定的靶标。

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