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首页> 外文期刊>NJAS Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences >Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from organic and conventional food production systems, with and without bio-energy options. (Special Issue: Improving production efficiency, quality and safety in organic and 'low-input' food supply chains.)
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Life cycle analysis of greenhouse gas emissions from organic and conventional food production systems, with and without bio-energy options. (Special Issue: Improving production efficiency, quality and safety in organic and 'low-input' food supply chains.)

机译：有和没有生物能源选项的有机和常规食品生产系统温室气体排放的生命周期分析。 （特刊：提高有机和“低投入”食品供应链的生产效率，质量和安全性。）

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摘要

The Nafferton Factorial Systems Comparison experiments were begun in 2003 to provide data on the production and quality effects of a whole spectrum of different crop production systems ranging from fully conventional to fully organic. In this paper, the crop production data for the first 4 years of the experiments have been used to conduct a life cycle analysis of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from organic and conventional production systems. Actual yield and field activity data from two of the treatments in the experiments (a stocked organic system and a stockless conventional system) were used to determine the GHG emissions per hectare and per MJ of human food energy produced, using both the farm gate and wider society as system boundaries. Emissions from these two baseline scenarios were compared with six other modelled scenarios: conventional stocked system, a stockless system where all crop residues were incorporated into the soil, two stocked systems where manure was used for biogas production, and two stockless systems where all crop residues were removed from the field and used for bio-energy production. Changing the system boundary from the farm gate to wider society did not substantially alter the GHG emissions per hectare of land when organic production methods were used; however, in conventional systems, which rely on more off-farm inputs, emissions were much greater per hectare when societal boundaries were used. Incorporating on-farm bioenergy production into the system allowed GHG emissions to be offset by energy generation. In the case of the organic system that included pyrolysis of crop residues, net GHG emissions were negative, indicating that energy offsets and sequestration of C in biochar can completely offset emissions of GHG from food production. The analysis demonstrates the importance of considering system boundaries and the end use of all agricultural products when conducting life cycle analyses of food production systems.
机译：Nafferton阶乘系统比较实验始于2003年，以提供有关从完全常规到完全有机的不同作物生产系统的整个光谱的产量和质量影响的数据。在本文中，实验的前4年的作物生产数据已用于对有机和常规生产系统产生的温室气体（GHG）排放进行生命周期分析。来自实验中两种处理方法的实际产量和田间活动数据（库存有机系统和无库存常规系统）被用来确定每公顷和每兆焦耳人类食物能量产生的GHG排放量，同时使用了农场大门和社会作为系统边界。将这两个基准情景的排放与其他六个建模情景进行了比较：常规放养系统，将所有农作物残余物都掺入土壤的无畜系统，两个将粪便用于沼气生产的畜养系统和两个无畜系统，其中所有农作物残余物从野外移走并用于生物能源生产。当使用有机生产方法时，将系统边界从农场大门改变为更广泛的社会并没有实质改变每公顷土地的温室气体排放;但是，在传统的系统中，依靠更多的非农业投入，使用社会边界时，每公顷的排放量要大得多。将农场的生物能源生产整合到系统中，可以通过发电来抵消温室气体的排放。就包括作物残渣热解在内的有机系统而言，温室气体净排放量为负，表明能量补偿和生物炭中的碳固存可以完全抵消粮食生产中的温室气体排放量。分析表明，在进行食品生产系统生命周期分析时，必须考虑系统边界和所有农产品的最终用途。

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