Ample adaptive and functional opportunities of a living cell are determined by the complexity of its structural organisation. However, such complexity gives rise to a problem of maintenance of the coherence of inner processes in macroscopic interims and in macroscopic volumes which is necessary to support the structural robustness of a cell. The solution to this problem lies in multidimensional control of the adaptive and functional changes of a cell as well as its self-renewing processes in the context of environmental conditions. Six mechanisms (principles) form the basis of this multidimensional control: regulatory circuits with feedback loops, redundant inner diversity within a cell, multilevel distributed network organisation of a cell, molecular selection within a cell, continuous informational flows and functioning with a reserve of power. In the review we provide detailed analysis of these mechanisms, discuss their specific functions and the role of the superposition of these mechanisms in the maintenance of cell structural robustness in a wide range of environmental conditions.
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