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Maternal adaptations and inheritance in the transgenerational programming of adult disease

机译:成人疾病的跨代编程中的母体适应和遗传

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摘要

Adverse exposures in utero have long been linked with an increased susceptibility to adult cardio-renal and metabolic diseases. Clear gender differences exist, whereby growth-restricted females, although exhibiting some phenotypic modifications, are often protected from overt disease outcomes. One of the greatest physiological challenges facing the female gender, however, is that of pregnancy; yet little research has focused on the outcomes associated with this, as a potential 'second-hit' for those who were small at birth. We review the limited evidence suggesting that pregnancy may unmask cardio-renal and metabolic disease states and the consequences for long-term maternal health in females who were born small. Additionally, a growing area of research in this programming field is in the transgenerational transmission of low birth weight and disease susceptibility. Pathways for transmission might include an abnormal adaptation to pregnancy by the growth-restricted mother and/or inheritance via the parental germline. Strategies to optimise the pregnancy environment and/or prevent the consequences of inheritance of programmed deficits and dysfunction are of critical importance for future generations.
机译:长期以来,子宫内的不良接触与成人心肾和代谢疾病的易感性增加有关。存在明显的性别差异,因此生长受限的女性尽管表现出一些表型修饰,但通常可以免受明显疾病的影响。然而,女性面临的最大生理挑战之一是怀孕。然而,很少有研究集中在与之相关的结果上,因为这对于那些出生时很小的人来说是潜在的“第二击”。我们回顾了有限的证据,这些证据表明怀孕可能会掩盖出生小的女性的心肾和代谢疾病状况以及对长期孕产妇健康的影响。另外,该编程领域中越来越多的研究领域是低出生体重和疾病易感性的跨代传播。传播途径可能包括生长受限的母亲对妊娠的异常适应和/或通过亲本种系的遗传。优化后代环境和/或预防遗传性编程缺陷和功能障碍的后果的策略对后代至关重要。

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