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Plant microRNAs: master regulator of gene expression mechanism

机译:植物microRNA:基因表达机制的主要调控因子

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摘要

Several signaling molecules critically regulate the physiological responses in plants. Among them, miRNAs, generally 21-24 nucleotides long, are widely distributed in different plant species and play as key signaling intermediates in diverse physiological responses. The mature miRNAs are synthesized from MIR genes by RNA polymerase II and processed by Dicer-like (DCL) protein family members associated with some accessory protein molecules. The processed miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm from the nucleus by specific group of transporters and incorporated into RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) for specific mRNA cleavage. MicroRNAs can suppress the diverse gene expression, depending on the sequence complementarity of the target transcript except of its own gene. Besides, miRNAs can modulate the gene expression by DNA methylation and translational inhibition of the target transcript. Different classes of DCLs and Argonaute proteins (AGOs) help the miRNAs-mediated gene silencing mechanism in plants.
机译:几种信号分子关键调节植物的生理反应。其中,通常长21-24个核苷酸的miRNA广泛分布在不同的植物物种中,并在各种生理反应中充当关键的信号传递中间体。成熟的miRNA由RNA聚合酶II从MIR基因合成,并由与一些辅助蛋白分子相关的Dicer样(DCL)蛋白家族成员处理。经过处理的miRNA通过特定的转运蛋白组从细胞核转运到细胞质,并掺入RNA诱导的沉默复合物(RISC)中以进行特异性的mRNA切割。 MicroRNA可以抑制多种基因表达,具体取决于靶转录物自身基因以外的序列互补性。此外,miRNA可以通过DNA甲基化和目标转录物的翻译抑制来调节基因表达。不同类别的DCL和Argonaute蛋白(AGO)有助于植物中miRNA介导的基因沉默机制。

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