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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >Insights into the role of Toll-like receptors in modulation of T cell responses.
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Insights into the role of Toll-like receptors in modulation of T cell responses.

机译：洞察Toll样受体在调节T细胞反应中的作用。

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摘要

The innate immune receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are intimately involved in the early sensing of invading microorganisms or their structural components. Engagement of TLRs with their ligands results in activation of several downstream intracellular pathways leading to activation of innate and adaptive immune system cells. It was initially thought that TLRs are primarily expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and that interactions between microbial ligands and TLRs in these cells will indirectly result in activation of cells of the adaptive immune system, especially T cells. However, it has now become evident that TLRs are also expressed by various T cell subsets, such as conventional alphabetaT cells, regulatory T cells, and gammadeltaT cells as well as natural killer T cells. Importantly, it appears that at least in some of these T cell subsets, TLRs are functionally active, because stimulation of these cells with TLR agonists in the absence of APCs results in exertion of effector or regulatory functions of T cells. The present review attempts to summarize the recent findings related to TLR expression in different T cell subsets and the direct role of TLRs in the induction and regulation of T cell responses, including those responses that occur at mucosal surfaces. In addition, the potential use of TLR agonists for steering T cell responses as a prophylactic or therapeutic strategy in the context of infectious, allergic or autoimmune diseases is explored.
机译：先天免疫受体，例如Toll样受体（TLR），与入侵微生物或其结构成分的早期感测密切相关。 TLR与其配体的结合导致几种下游细胞内途径的活化，从而导致天然和适应性免疫系统细胞的活化。最初认为TLRs主要由抗原呈递细胞（APC）表达，例如巨噬细胞和树突状细胞，并且这些细胞中微生物配体与TLRs之间的相互作用将间接导致适应性免疫系统细胞的激活，特别是T细胞。然而，现在变得很明显，TLR也由各种T细胞亚群表达，例如常规的alphaT细胞，调节性T细胞和γT细胞以及天然杀伤性T细胞。重要的是，似乎至少在这些T细胞亚群中，TLR具有功能活性，因为在没有APC的情况下用TLR激动剂刺激这些细胞会导致T细胞发挥效应或调节功能。本综述试图总结与不同T细胞亚群中TLR表达有关的最新发现，以及TLR在诱导和调节T细胞应答（包括在粘膜表面发生的应答）中的直接作用。另外，探索了在感染性，变态反应性或自身免疫性疾病的背景下TLR激动剂作为预防或治疗策略用于指导T细胞应答的潜在用途。

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