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Prevention by celecoxib of secondary hyperalgesia induced by formalin in rats

机译：塞来昔布预防福尔马林致大鼠继发性痛觉过敏

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Administration of formalin in rat paws results in stimulation of nociceptive pathways, which leads to an increase in the excitability of neurons present in dorsal horn. This increased neuron excitability, described as central sensitization, may result in development of inflammatory pain at a distant site of injury application, known as secondary hyperalgesia. The aim of the present study was to verify whether formalin injection in rat paws would lead to secondary hyperalgesia development, as measured by the tail-flick test. We also aimed to investigate whether celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, would affect secondary hyperalgesia. Formalin injected into the rat paws significantly reduced the latency for a flick response in the rat tail, which characterized development of secondary hyperalgesia. In addition, formalin-induced secondary hyperalgesia was locally prevented by pre-but not post-celecoxib treatment. However, celecoxib administered spinally inhibited formalin-induced secondary hyperalgesia, either administered previously or following formalin. In contrast, piroxicam, an unspecific COX inhibitor which displays an increased selectivity towards COX-1, only prevented secondary hyperalgesia to formalin at a high dose following spinal administration. Taken together, these results suggest that COX-2 plays an important role both in the central and in the peripheral nerve sensitization following formalin administration in rat paws. They also suggested that once central sensitization starts it can no longer be blocked by a specific COX-2 inhibitor administered locally. Notwithstanding, spinal administration of a specific COX-2 inhibitor still blocks ongoing sensitization and prevents maintenance of central sensitization. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：在大鼠爪中施用福尔马林会刺激伤害性途径，从而导致背角神经元的兴奋性增加。这种增加的神经元兴奋性（称为中枢敏化）可能会导致在远端的伤害部位发炎性疼痛，称为继发性痛觉过敏。本研究的目的是验证用大鼠尾巴注射福尔马林是否会导致继发性痛觉过敏，如通过甩尾试验所测量的。我们还旨在调查塞来昔布（一种特定的环氧合酶2（COX-2）抑制剂）是否会影响继发性痛觉过敏。注射到大鼠爪中的福尔马林显着降低了大鼠尾部轻弹反应的潜伏期，这是继发性痛觉过敏的特征。此外，塞来昔布治疗前后均能局部预防福尔马林引起的继发性痛觉过敏。然而，塞来昔布经脊髓给药可抑制福尔马林诱导的继发性痛觉过敏，无论是在福尔马林之前还是之后。相比之下，吡罗昔康是一种非特异性的COX抑制剂，对COX-1的选择性增加，仅在脊髓给药后高剂量时才阻止对福尔马林的继发性痛觉过敏。综上所述，这些结果表明，在大鼠爪中给予福尔马林后，COX-2在中枢和周围神经敏化中均起着重要作用。他们还建议，一旦中枢敏化作用开始，就不再被局部施用的特定COX-2抑制剂所阻断。尽管如此，脊柱施用特定的COX-2抑制剂仍会阻止持续的致敏作用，并阻止维持中枢致敏作用。 （C）2004 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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