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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >Co-localization of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate in Neurons of the Spider Central Nervous System
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Co-localization of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate in Neurons of the Spider Central Nervous System

机译：蜘蛛中枢神经系统神经元中的γ-氨基丁酸和谷氨酸的共定位

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摘要

Spider sensory neurons with cell bodies close to various sensory organs are innervated by putative efferent axons from the central nervous system (CNS). Light and electronmicroscopic imaging of immunolabeled neurons has demonstrated that neurotransmitters present at peripheral synapses include gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and octopamine. Moreover, electrophysiological studies show that these neurotransmitters modulate the sensitivity of peripheral sensory neurons. Here, we undertook immunocytochemical investigations to characterize GABA and glutamate-immunoreactive neurons in three-dimensional reconstructions of the spider CNS. We document that both neurotransmitters are abundant in morphologically distinct neurons throughout the CNS. Labeling for the vesicular transporters, VGAT for GABA and VGLUT for glutamate, showed corresponding patterns, supporting the specificity of antibody binding. Whereas some neurons displayed strong immunolabeling, others were only weakly labeled. Double labeling showed that a subpopulation of weakly labeled neurons present in all ganglia expresses both GABA and glutamate. Double labeled, strongly and weakly labeled GABA and glutamate immunoreactive axons were also observed in the periphery along muscle fibers and peripheral sensory neurons. Electron microscopic investigations showed presynaptic profiles of various diameters with mixed vesicle populations innervating muscle tissue as well as sensory neurons. Our findings provide evidence that: (1) sensory neurons and muscle fibers are innervated by morphologically distinct, centrally located GABA- and glutamate immunoreactive neurons; (2) a subpopulation of these neurons may co-release both neurotransmitters; and (3) sensory neurons and muscles are innervated by all of these neurochemically and morphologically distinct types of neurons. The biochemical diversity of presynaptic innervation may contribute to how spiders filter natural stimuli and coordinate appropriate response patterns.
机译：具有靠近各种感觉器官的细胞体的蜘蛛感觉神经元被来自中枢神经系统（CNS）的假定传出轴突支配。免疫标记神经元的光镜和电子显微镜成像表明，存在于外周突触中的神经递质包括γ-氨基丁酸（GABA），谷氨酸和章鱼胺。此外，电生理研究表明，这些神经递质可调节周围感觉神经元的敏感性。在这里，我们进行了免疫细胞化学研究，以表征蜘蛛CNS的三维重建中的GABA和谷氨酸免疫反应性神经元。我们记录了整个中枢神经系统在形态学上截然不同的神经元中都存在大量神经递质。囊泡转运蛋白的标记，GABA的VGAT和谷氨酸的VGLUT，显示了相应的模式，支持抗体结合的特异性。某些神经元显示出强免疫标记，而其他神经元仅被弱标记。双重标记显示所有神经节中存在弱标记神经元的亚群同时表达GABA和谷氨酸。在沿肌肉纤维和周围感觉神经元的周围还观察到双重标记的，强和弱标记的GABA和谷氨酸免疫反应性轴突。电子显微镜研究显示了各种直径的突触前轮廓，其中混合的囊泡群支配着肌肉组织以及感觉神经元。我们的发现提供了证据：（1）感觉神经元和肌纤维被形态独特，位于中央的GABA和谷氨酸免疫反应性神经元支配; （2）这些神经元的亚群可能会同时释放两种神经递质; （3）感觉神经元和肌肉受所有这些神经化学和形态学上不同类型的神经元支配。突触前神经支配的生化多样性可能有助于蜘蛛如何过滤自然刺激并协调适当的反应模式。

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