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The biology and regulation of corneodesmosomes

机译：角质体的生物学和调控

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The stratum corneum of the epidermis is composed of stacked dead corneocytes embedded in lipid layers and is the main protective shield of the skin. The thickness of the stratum corneum is maintained fairly constantly through the balance between new cell creation and old cell removal. Corneodesmosomes are the main intercellular adhesive structures in the stratum corneum. They are transformed from desmosomes at the most superficial layer of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis. The major compositional distinction from desmosomes is the presence of corneodesmosin in the extracellular portion. Furthermore, corneodesmosomes are structurally different from desmosomes in that (1) they do not have a tri-lamellar desmoglea but rather one that is homogeneously electron-dense and (2) attachment plaques are integrated into a part of the cornified cell envelopes. When the extracellular regions of corneodesmosomes are fully degraded, desquamation occurs. The degradation process of corneodesmosomes is carefully controlled by a number of proteases and their inhibitors. The most important proteases involved in this process are the kallikrein-related peptidases. Their main inhibitor is the lympho-epithelial Kazal-type related inhibitor. Other regulators of this process include matriptase, meprin and mesotrypsin.
机译：表皮的角质层由堆积在脂质层中的堆积的死角质细胞组成，是皮肤的主要保护层。通过新细胞的产生和旧细胞的去除之间的平衡，角质层的厚度保持相当恒定。角质小体是角质层中主要的细胞间粘附结构。它们从表皮颗粒层最浅层的桥粒转化而来。与桥粒的主要组成区别是在细胞外部分存在角蛋白。此外，角质粒小体在结构上与基质小体的不同之处在于：（1）它们没有三层状的腺体，而具有均匀的电子致密性，（2）附着斑块被整合到部分角质化的细胞膜中。当角质小体的细胞外区域完全降解时，发生脱皮。角质体的降解过程受到许多蛋白酶及其抑制剂的控制。参与该过程的最重要的蛋白酶是激肽释放酶相关的肽酶。它们的主要抑制剂是淋巴上皮Kazal型相关抑制剂。该过程的其他调节剂包括matriptase，meprin和mesotrypsin。

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