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Sex differences in kappa opioid pharmacology.

机译:κ阿片类药物药理学中的性别差异。

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In recent years it has become apparent that sex is a major factor involved in modulating the pharmacological effects of exogenous opioids. The kappa opioid receptor (KOPR) system is a potential therapeutic target for pain, mood disorders and addiction. In humans mixed KOPR/MOPR ligands have been found to produce greater analgesia in women than men. In contrast, in animals, selective KOPR agonists have been found to produce greater antinociceptive effects in males than females. Collectively, the studies indicate that the direction and magnitude of sex differences of KOPR-mediated antinociception/analgesia are dependent on species, strain, ligand and pain model examined. Of interest, and less studied, is whether sex differences in other KOPR-mediated effects exist. In the studies conducted thus far, greater effects of KOPR agonists in males have been found in neuroprotection against stroke and suppression of food intake behavior. On the other hand, greater effects of KOPR agonists were found in females in mediation of prolactin release. In modulation of drugs of abuse, sex differences in KOPR effects were observed but appear to be dependent on the drug examined. The mechanism(s) underlying sex differences in KOPR-mediated effects may be mediated by sex chromosomes, gonadal hormonal influence on organization (circuitry) and/or acute hormonal influence on KOPR expression, distribution and localization. In light of the diverse pharmacology of KOPR we discuss the need for future studies characterizing the sexual dimorphism of KOPR neural circuitry and in examining other behaviors and processes that are modulated by the KOPR.
机译:近年来,很明显,性别是调节外源阿片类药物的药理作用的主要因素。 κ阿片受体(KOPR)系统是疼痛,情绪障碍和成瘾的潜在治疗靶标。在人类中,发现混合的KOPR / MOPR配体在女性中比男性产生更大的镇痛作用。相反,在动物中,已发现选择性的KOPR激动剂在雄性中比雌性产生更大的镇痛作用。总体而言,研究表明,KOPR介导的抗伤害感受/镇痛作用的性别差异的方向和大小取决于所检查的物种,菌株,配体和疼痛模型。有趣的是,是否存在其他KOPR介导的效应存在性别差异,对此研究较少。到目前为止,在进行的研究中,已发现KOPR激动剂在雄性中具有更大的神经保护作用,可预防中风和抑制食物摄入行为。另一方面,在调解催乳素的女性中发现了KOPR激动剂的更大作用。在对滥用药物进行调制时,观察到了KOPR效应的性别差异,但似乎取决于所检查的药物。 KOPR介导的效应中性别差异的潜在机制可能由性染色体,性腺激素对组织(电路)的影响和/或急性激素对KOPR表达,分布和定位的影响介导。鉴于KOPR的药理学多样,我们讨论了未来研究表征KOPR神经回路性二态性以及研究由KOPR调节的其他行为和过程的需求。

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