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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >Telomeres, senescence, and hematopoietic stem cells.
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Telomeres, senescence, and hematopoietic stem cells.

机译：端粒，衰老和造血干细胞。

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摘要

The replicative lifespan of normal somatic cells is restricted by the erosion of telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of linear chromosomes. The loss of telomeres induces antiproliferative signals that eventually lead to cellular senescence. The enzyme complex telomerase can maintain telomeres, but its expression is confined to highly proliferative cells such as stem cells and tumor cells. The immense regenerative capacity of the hematopoietic system is provided by a distinct type of adult stem cell: hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although blood cells have to be produced continuously throughout life, the HSC pool seems not to be spared by aging processes. Indeed, limited expression of telomerase is not sufficient to prevent telomere shortening in these cells, which is thought ultimately to limit their proliferative capacity. In this review, we discuss the relevance of telomere maintenance for the hematopoietic stem cell compartment and consider potential functions of telomerase in this context. We also present possible clinical applications of telomere manipulation in HSCs and new insights affecting the aging of the hematopoietic stem cell pool and replicative exhaustion.
机译：正常体细胞的复制寿命受到端粒侵蚀的限制，端粒是线性染色体末端的保护帽。端粒的丢失会诱导抗增殖信号，最终导致细胞衰老。酶复合物端粒酶可以维持端粒，但其表达仅限于高度增殖的细胞，例如干细胞和肿瘤细胞。造血系统的巨大再生能力由成年干细胞的不同类型提供：造血干细胞（HSC）。尽管必须在整个生命过程中连续不断地产生血细胞，但HSC池似乎并没有因衰老过程而幸免。实际上，端粒酶的有限表达不足以阻止这些细胞中端粒的缩短，这被认为最终限制了它们的增殖能力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了端粒维持与造血干细胞区隔的相关性，并在此背景下考虑了端粒酶的潜在功能。我们还介绍了端粒操纵在HSC中的可能临床应用，以及影响造血干细胞池衰老和复制性衰竭的新见解。

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