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首页> 外文期刊>Cell and Tissue Research >Octopamine-like immunoreactive neurons in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of the parasitic wasps Nasonia vitripennis and N. giraulti.
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Octopamine-like immunoreactive neurons in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of the parasitic wasps Nasonia vitripennis and N. giraulti.

机译：寄生性黄蜂Nasonia vitripennis和N. giraulti的大脑和食管下神经节中的八甲胺样免疫反应神经元。

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摘要

Octopamine is an important neuromodulator in the insect nervous system, influencing memory formation, sensory perception and motor control. In this study, we compare the distribution of octopamine-like immunoreactive neurons in two parasitic wasp species of the Nasonia genus, N. vitripennis and N. giraulti. These two species were previously described as differing in their learning and memory formation, which raised the question as to whether morphological differences in octopaminergic neurons underpinned these variations. Immunohistochemistry in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to reveal and compare the somata and major projections of the octopaminergic neurons in these wasps. The brains of both species showed similar staining patterns, with six different neuron clusters being identified in the brain and five different clusters in the subesophageal ganglion. Of those clusters found in the subesophageal ganglion, three contained unpaired neurons, whereas the other three consisted in paired neurons. The overall pattern of octopaminergic neurons in both species was similar, with no differences in the numbers or projections of the ventral unpaired median (VUM) neurons, which are known to be involved in memory formation in insects. In one other cluster in the brain, located in-between the optic lobe and the antennal lobe, we detected more neurons in N. vitripennis compared with N. giraulti. Combining our results with findings made previously in other Hymenopteran species, we discuss possible functions and some of the ultimate factors influencing the evolution of the octopaminergic system in the insect brain.
机译：章鱼胺是昆虫神经系统中的重要神经调节剂，影响记忆形成，感觉知觉和运动控制。在这项研究中，我们比较了Nasonia属的两个寄生黄蜂物种Vitopennis和N. giraulti中的章鱼胺样免疫反应性神经元的分布。先前将这两个物种描述为在学习和记忆形成上不同，这引发了一个问题，即章鱼胺能神经元的形态学差异是否支撑了这些变异。免疫组织化学与共聚焦激光扫描显微镜相结合，用于揭示和比较这些黄蜂中的躯体和章鱼胺能神经元的主要投影。两种物种的大脑都表现出相似的染色模式，在大脑中识别出六个不同的神经元簇，在食管下神经节中识别出五个不同的簇。在食管下神经节中发现的那些簇中，三个簇包含未配对的神经元，而其他三个簇则包含在配对的神经元中。两种物种中的章鱼胺能神经元的总体模式相似，而腹侧未配对中位（VUM）神经元的数量或投射没有差异，已知它们与昆虫的记忆形成有关。在大脑的另一个簇中，位于视神经叶和触角叶之间，与吉罗神经猪笼草相比，我们在玻璃曲脑猪笼草中发现了更多的神经元。将我们的结果与先前在其他膜翅目物种中获得的发现相结合，我们讨论了可能的功能以及影响昆虫大脑中章鱼胺能系统进化的一些最终因素。

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