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Environmental enrichment prevents behavioral deficits and oxidative stress caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in the rat

机译：环境富集可防止大鼠慢性脑灌注不足引起的行为缺陷和氧化应激

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Aims: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of environmental enrichment (EE), assessed by cognitive activity in the Morris water maze, and on brain oxidative status, through measurement of macromolecules damage, lipid peroxidation levels, total cellular thiols and antioxidant enzymes in hippocampus, striatum and cerebral cortex. Main methods: Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to the modified permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) method, with right common carotid artery being first occluded, and tested three months after the ischemic event. Cognitive and physical stimulation, named Environmental Enrichment, consisted of one-hour sessions run 3 times per week during 12 weeks, following two different stimulation protocols: pre-ischemia and pre + post-ischemia. Rats were then tested for both reference and working spatial memory tasks in the water maze and later sacrificed for measurement of oxidative stress parameters. Key findings: A significant cognitive deficit was found in both spatial tasks after hypoperfusion; this effect was reversed in the 2VO enriched group. Moreover, hippocampal oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity were decreased by environmental enrichment. Significance: These results suggest that both stimulation protocols exert a neuroprotective effect against the cognitive impairment and the reduction of biomarkers for oxidative damage caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
机译：目的：本研究的目的是通过测量大分子损伤，脂质过氧化水平，总细胞硫醇来评估环境富集（EE）的神经保护作用（通过莫里斯水迷宫中的认知活动评估）以及对脑氧化状态的影响。和海马，纹状体和大脑皮层的抗氧化酶。主要方法：成年雄性Wistar大鼠接受改良的永久性双侧颈总动脉阻塞（2VO）方法，首先阻塞右颈总动脉，并在缺血事件后三个月进行测试。认知和身体刺激被称为“环境充实”，包括12个星期，每周3次的1小时训练，遵循两种不同的刺激方案：缺血前和缺血前+缺血后。然后在水迷宫中测试大鼠的参考和工作空间记忆任务，随后处死以测量氧化应激参数。主要发现：低灌注后的两个空间任务都发现了明显的认知缺陷;在富含2VO的组中这种作用被逆转。此外，环境富集降低了海马的氧化损伤和抗氧化酶活性。意义：这些结果表明，两种刺激方案均能对认知障碍产生神经保护作用，并减轻慢性脑灌注不足引起的氧化损伤的生物标志物的含量。

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