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Ecological water quality analysis of the Guayas river basin (Ecuador) based on macroinvertebrates indices

机译：基于大型无脊椎动物指数的瓜亚斯河流域（厄瓜多尔）生态水质分析

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摘要

The Guayas river basin is one of the major watersheds in Ecuador, where increasing human activities are affecting water quality and related ecosystem services. The aims of this study were (1) to assess the ecological water quality based on macroinvertebrate indices and (2) to determine the major environmental variables affecting these macroinvertebrate indices. To do so, we performed an integrated water quality assessment at 120 locations within the river basin. Biological and physical-chemical data were collected to analyze the water quality. Two biotic indices were calculated to assess the water quality with an ecological approach: the Biological Monitoring Working Party Colombia (BMWP-Col) and the Neotropical Low-land Stream Multimetric Index (NLSMI). Both the BMWP-Col and NLSMI indicated good water quality at the (upstream) forested locations, lower water quality for sites situated at arable land and bad water quality at residential areas. Both indices gave relevant assessment outcomes and can be considered valuable for supporting the local water management. A correspondence analysis (CA) applied on both indices suggested that flow velocity, chlorophyll concentration, conductivity, land use, sludge layer and sediment type were the major environmental variables determining the ecological water quality. We also suggested that nutrient and pesticide measurements are important to study water quality in the area where intensive agriculture activities take place. The nutrient levels detected in agricultural areas were relatively low and illustrated that the types of crops and the current cultivation methods were not leading to eutrophication. The applied methods and results of this study can be used to support the future water management of the Guayas river basin and similar basins situated in the tropics. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
机译：瓜亚斯河流域是厄瓜多尔的主要流域之一，人类活动的增加正在影响水质和相关的生态系统服务。这项研究的目的是（1）根据大型无脊椎动物指数评估生态水质，以及（2）确定影响这些大型无脊椎动物指数的主要环境变量。为此，我们在流域内的120个地点进行了综合水质评估。收集了生物和物理化学数据以分析水质。计算了两种生物指数以生态方法评估水质：哥伦比亚生物监测工作组（BMWP-Col）和新热带低陆流多指标指数（NLSMI）。 BMWP-Col和NLSMI都表明（上游）林区水质良好，耕地的水质较低，而居民区的水质较差。这两个指数都给出了相关的评估结果，可以认为对支持当地的水管理很有价值。对两个指标进行的对应分析（CA）表明，流速，叶绿素浓度，电导率，土地利用，污泥层和沉积物类型是决定生态水质的主要环境变量。我们还建议，营养和农药的测量对于研究集约型农业活动所在地区的水质很重要。在农业地区检测到的营养水平相对较低，说明农作物类型和当前的耕作方法并未导致富营养化。本研究的应用方法和结果可用于支持瓜亚斯河流域和热带地区类似流域的未来水管理。 （C）2016 Elsevier GmbH。版权所有。

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