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首页> 外文期刊>Livestock Science >Energy and nitrogen metabolism and insulin response to glucose challenge in lactating German Holstein
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Energy and nitrogen metabolism and insulin response to glucose challenge in lactating German Holstein

机译：泌乳的德国荷斯坦牛的能量和氮代谢以及胰岛素对葡萄糖激发的反应

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Energy and protein metabolism were investigated in lactating Holstein (n=6) and Charolais (n=8) heifers, thus in cattle with different potential for milk production and nutrient accretion, but comparable body size. Insulin responses to glucose challenge during lactation were also investigated. Feed intake, milk production and nutrient loss through faeces and urine were measured for 5 days to calculate energy and nitrogen balance. ~(15)N-glycine was infused to measure ~(15)N turnover and to calculateprotein synthesis and degradation. Blood samples were taken 3 h after feed intake on day 12 to measure postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. On day 16, heifers received intravenous glucose infusions (1 g/kg BW~(0.75)) and blood samples were taken before and 7, 14, 21 and 28 min after glucose challenge. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations were measured, and areas under the curve were calculated. Dry matter intake was higher (P<0.01) in Holstein than in Charolais heifers. Milk yield was higher (P<0.01) and protein content in milk was lower (P<0,01) in Holstein than in Charolais heifers. Charolais heifers showed a higher energy and nitrogen balance (P<0.01) than Holstein heifers, whereas net protein synthesis and efficiency of protein synthesis were greater in Holstein than in Charolais heifers. Plasma insulin concentrations after feed intake and before glucose challenge, as well as glucose increase after glucose challenge were higher (P<0.05) in Charolais heifers when compared to Holstein heifers. In conclusion, lower energy and nitrogen balances in Holstein than in Charolais heifers were particularly caused by differences in their potential for milk production and were accompanied by lower plasma insulin levels in Holstein heifers. Charolais heifers showed a greater potential for energy and protein accretion combined with higher insulin levels and lower glucose half-life. As Charolais and Holstein represent important bovine breeds for nutrient accretion and secretion type, respectively, females of these two breeds are appropriate to investigate the genetic and physiological background for differences in regulation of nutrient partitioning in cattle.
机译：在泌乳的荷斯坦奶牛（n = 6）和夏洛来牛（n = 8）小母牛中研究了能量和蛋白质代谢，因此在牛的产奶量和养分吸收潜力不同但体型可比的牛中进行了研究。还研究了泌乳期间胰岛素对葡萄糖激发的反应。连续5天测量饲料摄入量，产奶量以及通过粪便和尿液流失的营养素，以计算能量和氮的平衡。注入〜（15）N-甘氨酸以测量〜（15）N周转并计算蛋白质合成和降解。在第12天的采食后3小时采集血样，以测量餐后葡萄糖和胰岛素浓度。在第16天，小母牛接受静脉内葡萄糖输注（1g / kg BW〜（0.75）），并在葡萄糖激发之前和之后7、14、21和28分钟采集血样。测量血糖和胰岛素浓度，并计算曲线下面积。荷斯坦牛的干物质摄入量高于夏洛来牛小母牛（P <0.01）。与夏洛来小母牛相比，荷斯坦牛的牛奶产量更高（P <0.01），牛奶中的蛋白质含量更低（P <0.01）。夏洛莱小母牛比荷斯坦小母牛具有更高的能量和氮平衡（P <0.01），而荷斯坦牛的净蛋白质合成和蛋白质合成效率均高于夏洛来小母牛。与荷斯坦牛相比，夏洛莱牛的采食量和葡萄糖激发前的血浆胰岛素浓度以及葡萄糖激发后的葡萄糖升高更高（P <0.05）。总之，荷斯坦牛的能量和氮平衡低于夏洛莱牛，特别是由于它们的产奶潜力不同，同时荷斯坦牛的血浆胰岛素水平较低。夏洛来牛的小母牛显示出更高的能量和蛋白质积蓄潜力，同时胰岛素水平更高，葡萄糖半衰期更低。由于夏洛来牛和荷斯坦牛分别代表重要的牛种，其养分积累和分泌类型不同，因此这两个品种的雌性适合调查牛的养分分配调节差异的遗传和生理背景。

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