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Effective mechanical weed control in processing tomato: Seven years of results

机译：有效控制番茄加工中的机械杂草：七年的成果

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Open-air crops are important in Spanish horticulture. The limited number of herbicide active ingredients in minor crops, the waste problem of polyethylene (PE) plastic mulch and the high prices of biodegradable plastics leave hand-weeding and mechanical weed control as the most viable weed control methods. Different tools have been tested in northern European countries but their performance remains unknown in the edaphoclimatic situation of southern Europe. The objective of this work was to test novel physical weed control methods on processing tomato in northeastern Spain compared with other effective control methods, i.e., plastic and paper mulches. A first sequence of field trials was established from 2005 to 2008 at Zaragoza (Spain) to select the best physical control methods out of flamer, torsion weeder, finger weeder, flex-tine harrow and brush hoe used alone or in combination. The best method was the brush hoe which was then compared from 2009 to 2011 with PE mulch, biodegradable plastic mulch and paper mulch. Flamer, flex-tine harrow, torsion weeder and finger weeder performed quite irregularly due to crusty soil conditions and needed additional tools or repeated treatments to increase weed control efficacy. The brush hoe performed best in this soil situation working at about 5cm depth. Weed biomass reduction was higher than 80% in 6 out of 7 years and similar yield was obtained in the brushed plots compared to the yield obtained with PE, biodegradable plastic and paper mulch. The brush hoe is thus a suitable option for weed control in processing tomato while the other tools were too weak to control aggressive summer weeds in the tested conditions.
机译：露天作物在西班牙园艺中很重要。小农作物中除草剂有效成分的数量有限，聚乙烯（PE）塑料覆盖物的浪费问题以及可生物降解塑料的高昂价格使人工除草和机械除草成为最可行的除草方法。北欧国家已经对各种工具进行了测试，但是在南欧的海温气候条件下，它们的性能仍然未知。这项工作的目的是测试西班牙东北部加工番茄的新型物理除草方法，并与其他有效的防治方法（例如塑料和纸覆盖物）进行比较。 2005年至2008年在西班牙萨拉戈萨建立了第一批田间试验序列，以从单独使用或组合使用的喷火器，扭转除草机，手指除草机，弯头耙和brush头中选择最佳的物理控制方法。最好的方法是刷头，然后在2009年至2011年将其与PE覆盖物，可生物降解的塑料覆盖物和纸质覆盖物进行比较。由于结实的土壤条件，喷火器，弯曲耙，扭转除草机和手指除草机运行非常不规律，需要其他工具或重复处理以提高除草效果。在这种土壤条件下，brush头在约5cm的深度下工作效果最佳。在7年中的6年中，杂草的生物量减少量高于80％，与PE，可生物降解的塑料和纸质覆盖物相比，在刷地中获得了相似的产量。因此，刷子头是控制番茄加工过程中杂草控制的合适选择，而其他工具太弱，无法在测试条件下控制侵蚀性的夏季杂草。

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