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首页> 外文期刊>Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems >Conservation agriculture in Southern Africa: Advances in knowledge
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Conservation agriculture in Southern Africa: Advances in knowledge

机译：南部非洲的保护性农业：知识进步

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The increasing demand for food from limited available land, in light of declining soil fertility and future threats of climate variability and change have increased the need for more sustainable crop management systems. Conservation agriculture (CA) is based on the three principles of minimum soil disturbance, surface crop residue retention and crop rotations, and is one of the available options. In Southern Africa, CA has been intensively promoted for more than a decade to combat declining soil fertility and to stabilize crop yields. The objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in knowledge about the benefits of CA and highlight constraints to its widespread adoption within Southern Africa. Research results from Southern Africa showed that CA generally increased water infiltration, reduced soil erosion and run-off, thereby increasing available soil moisture and deeper drainage. Physical, chemical and biological soil parameters were also improved under CA in the medium to long term. CA increased crop productivity and also reduced on-farm labor, especially when direct seeding techniques and herbicides were used. As with other cropping systems, CA has constraints at both the field and farm level. Challenges to adoption in Southern Africa include the retention of sufficient crop residues, crop rotations, weed control, pest and diseases, farmer perception and economic limitations, including poorly developed markets. It was concluded that CA is not a one-size-fits-all' solution and often needs significant adaptation and flexibility when implementing it across farming systems. However, CA may potentially reduce future soil fertility decline, the effects of seasonal dry-spells and may have a large impact on food security and farmers' livelihoods if the challenges can be overcome.
机译：鉴于土壤肥力的下降以及未来气候变化和变化的威胁，有限的可用土地对粮食的需求不断增加，因此对更加可持续的作物管理系统的需求日益增加。保护性农业（CA）基于最小的土壤扰动，地表作物残留物保留和轮作的三个原则，并且是可用的选择之一。在南部非洲，为克服土壤肥力下降和稳定作物单产，已经大力推广了CA。这次审查的目的是总结关于CA的益处的最新知识，并强调在南部非洲广泛采用CA的制约因素。南部非洲的研究结果表明，CA普遍增加了水的渗透，减少了土壤侵蚀和径流，从而增加了土壤的可用水分和更深的排水。在中长期内，在CA下土壤的物理，化学和生物参数也得到了改善。 CA可以提高农作物的生产力，还可以减少农场劳动，特别是当使用直接播种技术和除草剂时。与其他种植系统一样，CA在田间和农场水平上都有局限性。南部非洲收养面临的挑战包括如何保留足够的农作物残茬，轮作，杂草控制，病虫害，农民的认知和经济限制，包括欠发达的市场。得出的结论是，CA并不是万能的解决方案，并且在跨整个农业系统实施时，通常都需要显着的适应性和灵活性。但是，CA可能会减少未来土壤肥力的下降，季节性干旱的影响，如果可以克服挑战，可能会对粮食安全和农民生计产生重大影响。

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