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首页> 外文期刊>Biological Theory: integrating development, evolution & cognition >Prototypical Reasoning About Species and the Species Problem
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Prototypical Reasoning About Species and the Species Problem

机译：关于物种和物种问题的原型推理

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The species problem is often described as the abundance of conflicting definitions of species, such as the biological species concept and phylogenetic species concepts. But biologists understand the notion of species in a non-definitional as well asa definitional way. In this article I argue that when they understand species without a definition in their mind, their understanding is often mediated by the notion of good species, or prototypical species, as the idea of "prototype" is explicated in cognitive psychology. This distinction helps us make sense of several puzzling phenomena regarding biologists' dealing with species, such as the fact that in everyday research biologists often behave as if the species problem is solved, while they should be fully aware that it is not. I also briefly discuss implications of this finding, including that some extant attempts to answer what the nature of species is have an inadequate assumption about how the notion of species is represented in biologists' minds.
机译：物种问题通常被描述为丰富的物种定义冲突，例如生物物种概念和系统发育物种概念。但是生物学家以非确定性和定义性方式理解物种的概念。在本文中，我认为，当他们了解没有头脑定义的物种时，他们的理解通常是由好物种或原型物种的概念来调解的，因为“原型”的概念在认知心理学中得到了阐述。这种区别有助于我们理解生物学家处理物种的一些令人费解的现象，例如生物学家在日常研究中通常表现为解决物种问题，而他们应该充分意识到事实并非如此。我还简要地讨论了这一发现的含义，包括一些现成的试图回答物种的本质的尝试，并没有充分地假设生物学家如何表示物种的概念。

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