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首页> 外文期刊>Radiotherapy and oncology: Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology >Boron neutron capture therapy for the treatment of glioblastomas and extracranial tumours: as effective, more effective or less effective than photon irradiation?
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Boron neutron capture therapy for the treatment of glioblastomas and extracranial tumours: as effective, more effective or less effective than photon irradiation?

机译：硼中子俘获疗法用于治疗胶质母细胞瘤和颅外肿瘤：与光子辐照一样有效，更有效或更差？

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Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when non-radioactive boron-10 is irradiated with neutrons of the appropriate energy to yield high energy alpha particles (4He) and recoiling lithium-7 (7Li) nuclei. Since these particles have pathlengths of approximately one cell diameter, their lethality is primarily limited to boron containing cells. BNCT, therefore, can be regarded as both a biologically and a physically targeted type of radiation therapy [1 ]. The success of BNCT is dependent upon the selective delivery of sufficient amounts of 10B to cancer cells with only small amounts localized in the surrounding normal tissues. A wide variety of boron delivery agents have been synthesized , but only two of these currently are being used in clinical trials . The first, which has been used primarily in Japan , is sodium borocaptate or BSH, and the second is a dihydroxyboryl derivative of phenylalanine, referred to as boronophenylalanine or BPA. The latter has been used in clinical trials in the United States, Europe, and more recently in Japan . Following administration of either BPA or BSH by intravenous infusion, the tumour site is irradiated with neutrons, the source of which is a nuclear reactor. Up until 1994, low-energy (E_n < 0.5 eV) thermal neutron beams were used primarily in Japan , but since they have a limited depth of penetration in tissues, higher energy (<10keV) epithermal neutron beams, which have a greater depth of penetration, have been used in clinical trials in the United States , Europe and now Japan .
机译：硼中子俘获疗法（BNCT）基于当用适当能量的中子辐照非放射性硼10产生高能α粒子（4He）和反冲锂7（7Li）时发生的核俘获和裂变反应核。由于这些粒子的光程长度约为一个泡孔直径，因此其致死力主要限于含硼的泡孔。因此，BNCT可被视为生物学和物理靶向的放射治疗[1]。 BNCT的成功取决于向癌细胞选择性转移足够量的10B，而只有少量的10B位于周围正常组织中。已经合成了各种各样的硼释放剂，但是目前只有其中两种用于临床试验。第一种是主要在日本使用的，是硼烷磺酸钠或BSH，第二种是苯丙氨酸的二羟基硼基衍生物，称为硼酸苯丙氨酸或BPA。后者已在美国，欧洲以及最近在日本的临床试验中使用。通过静脉内输注给予BPA或BSH后，用中子辐照肿瘤部位，中子的来源是核反应堆。直到1994年，低能量（E_n <0.5 eV）热中子束主要在日本使用，但是由于它们在组织中的穿透深度有限，因此，较高能量（<10keV）的超热中子束的深度更大。渗透，已在美国，欧洲和现在的日本用于临床试验。

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