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首页> 外文期刊>Radiotherapy and oncology: Journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology >Physics and high-technology advances in radiotherapy: are they still worth it?
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Physics and high-technology advances in radiotherapy: are they still worth it?

机译：物理和高科技在放射治疗方面的进步：它们仍然值得吗？

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摘要

Radiotherapy was made possible by the startling physics discoveries of X-rays and radioactivity in the 1890s, which were almost immediately applied to treat clinical problems. Radiotherapy development was subsequently driven by the three engines of physics innovation, increasing understanding of radiobiology and systematisation and refinement of clinical approaches. Collaboration between clinicians and physicists has always been vital to this. Application of knowledge from other physics fields provided new treatment modalities allowing higher energies and better dose distributions. Dosimetry measurement and treatment planning methods established and extended the quantitative basis of radiotherapy. Imaging for planning and verification evolved in sophistication as physics methods and available technology were developed. The computer revolution galvanised all areas of radiotherapy and provided the possibility of new approaches to improving the balance of coverage of target versus normal tissues, with computer aided optimisation and control of planning, delivery and verification. One of the most significant developments in radiotherapy was undoubtedly the introduction of CT-based treatment planning, which spurred developments in planning algorithms, as well as in delivery. More precise dose distributions are of limited value unless the localisation of the target and volume to treat is well known and unless treatment dose delivery can be closely checked. Therefore CT planning was a prerequisite for both 3DCRT and IMRT.
机译：X射线和放射学在1890年代的惊人物理学发现使放射疗法成为可能，这些发现几乎立即被用于治疗临床问题。放射疗法的发展随后受到物理学创新的三个引擎的推动，这三者对放射生物学和系统化以及临床方法的完善有了越来越多的了解。临床医生和物理学家之间的合作一直对此至关重要。来自其他物理学领域的知识的应用提供了新的治疗方式，从而允许更高的能量和更好的剂量分布。建立了剂量测定和治疗计划方法，并扩展了放射治疗的定量基础。随着物理方法和可用技术的发展，用于计划和验证的成像技术也日益成熟。计算机革命极大地刺激了放疗的所有领域，并提供了新方法的可能性，借助计算机辅助的优化和计划，交付和验证控制，可以改善目标组织与正常组织之间的平衡。放疗领域最重要的发展之一无疑是引入了基于CT的治疗计划，这刺激了计划算法以及交付方式的发展。除非众所周知，要治疗的靶标和体积的位置以及除非可以仔细检查治疗剂量的传递，否则更精确的剂量分布才具有有限的价值。因此，CT计划是3DCRT和IMRT的前提。

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