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首页> 外文期刊>Remote Sensing of Environment: An Interdisciplinary Journal >Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from space
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Multispectral imaging contributions to global land ice measurements from space

机译：多光谱成像对太空中全球陆地冰测量的贡献

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Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international consortium established to acquire satellite images of the world's glaciers, analyse them for glacier extent and changes, and assess change data for causes and implications for people and the environment. Although GLIMS is making use of multiple remote-sensing systems, ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and reflection Radiometer) is optimized for many needed observations, including mapping of glacier boundaries and material facies, and tracking of surface dynamics, such as flow vector fields and supraglacial lake development. Software development by GLIMS is geared toward mapping clean-ice and debris-covered glaciers; terrain classification emphasizing snow, ice, water, and admixtures of ice with rock debris; multitemporal change analysis; visualization of images and derived data; and interpretation and archiving of derived data. A global glacier database has been designed at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC, Boulder, Colorado); parameters are compatible with and expanded from those of the World Glacier Inventory (WGI). These technology efforts are summarized here, but will be presented in detail elsewhere. Our presentation here pertains to one broad question: How can ASTER and other satellite multispectral data be used to map, monitor, and characterize the state and dynamics of glaciers and to understand their responses to 20th and 21st century climate change? Our sampled results are not yet glaciologically or climatically representative. Our early results, while indicating complexity, are generally consistent with the glaciology community's conclusion that climate change is spurring glacier responses around the world (mainly retreat). Whether individual glaciers are advancing or retreating, the aggregate average of glacier change must be climatic in origin, as nonclimatic variations average out. We have discerned regional spatial patterns in glaciological response behavior; these patterns are best attributed to climate-change variability and to regional differences in glacier size and response times. In many cases, glacier length changes under-represent the magnitude of glacier ablation, because thinning (sometimes without immediate length changes) is also important. An expanded systematic, uniform analysis of many more glaciers is needed to isolate the glacier response components due to climatic and nonclimatic perturbations, to produce quantitative measures of regional variation in glacier changes, and to predict future regional glacier trends relevant to water resources, glaciological hazards, and global sea level. This comprehensive assessment (to be completed in stages) is expected to lend a critically needed filter to identify successful climate models that explain recent glacier changes and change patterns (and hence, are apt to describe future changes) and to eliminate unsuccessful models.
机译：全球太空陆地冰测量（GLIMS）是一个国际协会，其成立是为了获取世界冰川的卫星图像，分析它们的冰川范围和变化，并评估变化数据的原因以及对人类和环境的影响。尽管GLIMS正在使用多种遥感系统，但ASTER（先进的星载热发射和反射辐射计）已针对许多所需的观测进行了优化，包括冰川边界和物质相的映射以及对表面动力学的跟踪，例如流矢量场和冰川湖开发。 GLIMS的软件开发旨在绘制干净的冰和碎屑覆盖的冰川。地形分类，强调雪，冰，水以及冰与岩石碎屑的混合物;多时相变化分析;图像和衍生数据的可视化;以及导出数据的解释和归档。美国国家冰雪数据中心（NSIDC，科罗拉多州博尔德）设计了一个全球冰川数据库;这些参数与世界冰川清单（WGI）的参数兼容并从中扩展。这些技术成果在此进行了总结，但将在其他地方进行详细介绍。在这里，我们的演讲涉及一个广泛的问题：如何利用ASTER和其他卫星多光谱数据来绘制，监测和表征冰川的状态和动态，并了解它们对20世纪和21世纪气候变化的反应？我们的抽样结果尚不具有冰川学或气候方面的代表性。我们的早期结果虽然表明了复杂性，但总体上与冰川学界的结论是一致的，即气候变化正在刺激全世界的冰川反应（主要是退缩）。无论单个冰川是前进还是后退，冰川变化的总平均数必须起源于气候，因为非气候变化的平均结果是。我们已经在冰川反应行为中发现了区域空间格局。这些模式最好归因于气候变化的可变性以及冰川大小和响应时间的区域差异。在许多情况下，冰川长度变化不足以表示冰川消融的幅度，因为变薄（有时长度不会立即变化）也很重要。需要对更多冰川进行扩展的系统的，统一的分析，以分离出由于气候和非气候扰动引起的冰川响应成分，以定量测量冰川变化的区域变化，并预测与水资源，冰川灾害有关的未来区域冰川趋势。 ，以及全球海平面。这项全面的评估（将分阶段完成）有望提供一个急需的过滤器，以识别成功的气候模型，以解释近期的冰川变化和变化模式（从而易于描述未来的变化），并消除不成功的模型。

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