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首页> 外文期刊>Respirology : >HIV-associated opportunistic pneumonias.
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HIV-associated opportunistic pneumonias.

机译：艾滋病毒相关的机会性肺炎。

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Among the HIV-associated pulmonary complications, opportunistic pneumonias are major causes of morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of HIV-associated opportunistic pneumonias is broad and includes bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic pneumonias. Bacterial pneumonia is the most frequent opportunistic pneumonia in the United States and Western Europe while tuberculosis is the dominant pathogen in sub-Saharan Africa. With the use of combination antiretroviral therapy and prophylaxis, the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has declined. Nevertheless, PCP continues to occur in persons who are unaware of their HIV infection, those who fail to access medical care, and those who fail to adhere to antiretroviral therapy or prophylaxis. Although pneumonias due to Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii are less frequent, their presence in the lung is often indicative of disseminated disease and is associated with significant mortality.
机译：在艾滋病毒相关的肺部并发症中，机会性肺炎是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。 HIV相关机会性肺炎的范围很广，包括细菌性，分枝杆菌性，真菌性，病毒性和寄生虫性肺炎。在美国和西欧，细菌性肺炎是最常见的机会性肺炎，而在撒哈拉以南非洲，结核病是主要的病原体。结合使用抗逆转录病毒疗法和预防措施，肺囊虫性肺炎（PCP）的发病率有所下降。然而，五氯苯酚继续发生在不了解其艾滋病毒感染的人，无法获得医疗护理的人以及不坚持抗逆转录病毒疗法或预防的人中。尽管由于新型隐球菌，荚膜组织胞浆菌，球虫球菌性炎，巨细胞病毒和弓形虫引起的肺炎较少见，但它们在肺中的存在通常预示着传播性疾病，并伴有明显的死亡率。

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