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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >Occupational exposure to noise and the attributable burden of hearing difficulties in Great Britain.
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Occupational exposure to noise and the attributable burden of hearing difficulties in Great Britain.

机译：在英国，职业上的噪声暴露和听力障碍的负担。

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AIMS: To determine the prevalence of self reported hearing difficulties and tinnitus in working aged people from the general population, and to estimate the risks from occupational exposure to noise and the number of attributable cases nationally. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 22 194 adults of working age selected at random from the age-sex registers of 34 British general practices (21 201 subjects) and from the central pay records of the British armed services (993 subjects). Information was collected on years of employment in a noisy job; and whether the respondent wore a hearing aid, had difficulty in hearing conversation, or had experienced persistent tinnitus over the past year. Associations of hearing difficulty and tinnitus with noise exposure were examined by logistic regression, with adjustment for age, sex, smoking habits, and frequent complaints of headaches, tiredness, or stress. The findings were expressed as prevalence ratios (PRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Attributable numbers were calculated from the relevant PRs and an estimate of the prevalence of occupational exposure to noise nationally. RESULTS: Some 2% of subjects reported severe hearing difficulties (wearing a hearing aid or having great difficulty in both ears in hearing conversation in a quiet room). In men, the prevalence of this outcome rose steeply with age, from below 1% in those aged 16-24 years to 8% in those aged 55-64. The pattern was similar in women, but severe hearing loss was only about half as prevalent in the oldest age band. Tinnitus was far more common in subjects with hearing difficulties. In both sexes, after adjustment for age, the risk of severe hearing difficulty and persistent tinnitus rose with years spent in a noisy job. In men older than 35 years with 10 or more years of exposure, the PR for severe hearing difficulty was 3.8 (95% CI 2.4 to 6.2) and that for persistent tinnitus 2.6 (95% CI 2.0 to 3.4) in comparison with those who had never had a noisy job. Nationally, some 153 000 men and 26 000 women aged 35-64 years were estimated to have severe hearing difficulties attributable to noise at work. For persistent tinnitus the corresponding numbers were 266 000 and 84 000. CONCLUSIONS: Significant hearing difficulties and tinnitus are quite common in men from the older working age range. Both are strongly associated with years spent in a noisy occupation-a predominantly male exposure. The national burden of hearing difficulties attributable to noise at work is substantial.
机译：目的：确定在一般人群中工作的老年人中自我报告的听力障碍和耳鸣的患病率，并估计全国职业性接触噪声的风险和可归因的病例数。方法：向22 194个工作年龄的成年人邮寄了调查问卷，这些成年人是从34个英国一般实践的年龄性别登记册（21 201名受试者）和英国武装部队的中央薪酬记录（993名受试者）中随机选择的。收集有关嘈杂工作年限的信息;以及被访者是否在过去的一年中佩戴了助听器，听不清对话或经历了持续性耳鸣。通过逻辑回归分析听觉困难和耳鸣与噪音暴露之间的关系，并调整年龄，性别，吸烟习惯以及头痛，疲倦或压力的主诉。调查结果表示为患病率（PRs）和相关的95％置信区间（CIs）。归因数是根据相关PR以及全国职业性接触噪声的流行程度估算得出的。结果：约2％的受试者报告说严重的听力困难（在安静的房间里戴着助听器或两只耳朵的对话困难很大）。在男性中，这一结果的患病率随着年龄的增长而急剧上升，从16-24岁年龄组的1％以下增加到55-64岁年龄组的8％。女性的情况相似，但严重的听力损失仅是最老年龄段的一半。耳鸣在听力障碍的受试者中更为常见。在男女中，调整年龄后，随着噪声工作时间的增加，严重的听力障碍和持续性耳鸣的风险增加。在35岁以上且有10年或10年以上接触的男性中，与那些有听力障碍的男性相比，严重听力障碍的PR为3.8（95％CI为2.4至6.2），而持续性耳鸣2.6（95％CI为2.0至3.4）。从来没有嘈杂的工作。在全国范围内，据估计，年龄在35-64岁之间的约153 000名男性和26 000名女性由于工作中的噪音而患有严重的听力障碍。对于持续性耳鸣，相应的数字分别为266 000和84000。结论：在工作年龄较大的男性中，明显的听力障碍和耳鸣十分常见。两者都与在嘈杂的职业中度过的时光密切相关-主要是男性暴露。由工作中的噪音引起的听力障碍的国家负担是巨大的。

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