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首页> 外文期刊>Occupational and environmental medicine >The burden of cancer at work: estimation as the first step to prevention.
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The burden of cancer at work: estimation as the first step to prevention.

机译：工作中的癌症负担：估计是预防的第一步。

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OBJECTIVES: Work-related cancers are largely preventable. The overall aim of this project is to estimate the current burden of cancer in Great Britain attributable to occupational factors, and identify carcinogenic agents, industries and occupations for targeting risk prevention. METHODS: Attributable fractions and numbers were estimated for mortality and incidence for bladder, lung, non-melanoma skin, and sinonasal cancers, leukaemia and mesothelioma for agents and occupations classified as International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Group 1 and 2A carcinogens with "strong" or "suggestive" evidence for carcinogenicity at the specific cancer site in humans. Risk estimates were obtained from published literature and national data sources used for estimating proportions exposed. RESULTS: In 2004, 78,237 men and 71,666 women died from cancer in Great Britain. Of these, 7317 (4.9%) deaths (men: 6259 (8%); women: 1058 (1.5%)) were estimated to be attributable to work-related carcinogens for the six cancers assessed. Incidence estimates were 13,338 (4.0%) registrations (men: 11,284 (6.7%); women 2054 (1.2%)). Asbestos contributed over half the occupational attributable deaths, followed by silica, diesel engine exhaust, radon, work as a painter, mineral oils in metal workers and in the printing industry, environmental tobacco smoke (non-smokers), work as a welder and dioxins. Occupational exposure to solar radiation, mineral oils and coal tars/pitches contributed 2557, 1867 and 550 skin cancer registrations, respectively. Industries/occupations with large numbers of deaths and/or registrations include construction, metal working, personal and household services, mining (not metals), land transport and services allied to transport, roofing, road repair/construction, printing, farming, the Armed Forces, some other service industry sectors and manufacture of transport equipment, fabricated metal products, machinery, non-ferrous metals and metal products, and chemicals. CONCLUSIONS: Estimates for all but leukaemia are greater than those currently used in UK health and safety strategy planning and contrast with small numbers (200-240 annually) from occupational accidents. Sources of uncertainty in the estimates arise principally from approximate data and methodological issues. On balance, the estimates are likely to be a conservative estimate of the true risk. Long latency means that past high exposures will continue to give substantial numbers in the near future. Although levels of many exposures have reduced, recent measurements of others, such as wood dust and respirable quartz, show continuing high levels.
机译：目的：与工作有关的癌症在很大程度上是可以预防的。该项目的总体目标是估计当前英国因职业因素引起的癌症负担，并确定致癌因子，行业和职业以预防风险。方法：对于归为国际癌症研究机构（IARC）第1和2A类致癌物的病原体和职业，估算了膀胱癌，肺癌，非黑素瘤皮肤和鼻窦癌，白血病和间皮瘤的死亡率和发病率的可归因分数和数量。在人类特定癌症部位的致癌性“强”或“暗示”证据。从公开的文献和用于估计暴露比例的国家数据来源获得了风险估计。结果：在2004年，英国有78,237名男性和71,666名女性死于癌症。在这些评估中，估计有2317例（4.9％）死亡（男性：6259（8％）;女性：1058（1.5％））可归因于与工作有关的致癌物。发病率估计为13338（4.0％），男性为11,284（6.7％）;女性2054（1.2％）。石棉造成了职业死亡的一半以上，其次是二氧化硅，柴油机尾气，ra，油漆工，金属工人和印刷业的矿物油，环境烟草烟雾（非吸烟者），焊工和二恶英。 。职业暴露于太阳辐射，矿物油和煤焦油/沥青分别导致了2557、1867和550个皮肤癌注册。大量死亡和/或登记的行业/职业包括建筑，金属加工，个人和家庭服务，采矿（非金属），陆路运输以及与运输有关的服务，屋面，道路维修/建筑，印刷，农业，武装部队部队，其他服务业部门以及运输设备，金属制品，机械，有色金属和金属制品以及化学制品的制造。结论：除白血病外，所有其他疾病的估计值均高于英国健康与安全策略规划中目前使用的估计值，并且与职业事故中的少数事件（每年200-240）形成对比。估计中不确定性的来源主要来自近似数据和方法问题。总而言之，这些估计可能是对真实风险的保守估计。较长的延迟时间意味着过去的高曝光量将在不久的将来继续提供大量数据。尽管许多暴露的水平已经降低，但是最近对其他暴露（例如木屑和可吸入石英）的测量显示出持续的高水平。

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