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On the observability of turbulent transport rates by Argo: supporting evidence from an inversion experiment

机译：关于Argo湍流传输率的可观测性：反演实验的支持证据

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摘要

Although estimation of turbulent transport parameters using inverse methods is not new, there is little evaluation of the method in the literature. Here, it is shown that extended observation of the broad-scale hydrography by Argo provides a path to improved estimates of regional turbulent transport rates. Results from a 20-year ocean state estimate produced with the ECCO v4 (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, version 4) non-linear inverse modeling framework provide supporting evidence. Turbulent transport parameter maps are estimated under the constraints of fitting the extensive collection of Argo profiles collected through 2011. The adjusted parameters dramatically reduce misfits to in situ profiles as compared with earlier ECCO solutions. They also yield a clear reduction in the model drift away from observations over multi-century-long simulations, both for assimilated variables (temperature and salinity) and independent variables (biogeochemical tracers). Despite the minimal constraints imposed specifically on the estimated parameters, their geography is physically plausible and exhibits close connections with the upper-ocean stratification as observed by Argo. The estimated parameter adjustments furthermore have first-order impacts on upper-ocean stratification and mixed layer depths over 20 years. These results identify the constraint of fitting Argo profiles as an effective observational basis for regional turbulent transport rate inversions. Uncertainties and further improvements of the method are discussed.
机译：尽管使用反演方法估算湍流输运参数并不新鲜，但文献中对该方法的评估很少。在这里，表明了Argo对大规模水文学的扩展观察，为改进对区域湍流传输速率的估计提供了一条途径。使用ECCO v4（估算海洋的环流和气候，第4版）非线性逆建模框架得出的20年海洋状态估算结果提供了支持证据。在适合到2011年收集的大量Argo剖面的约束条件下，估计了湍流的运输参数图。与早期的ECCO解决方案相比，调整后的参数大大减少了与原地剖面的不匹配。在同一个变量（温度和盐度）和自变量（生物地球化学示踪剂）上，它们也使多世纪以来的模拟结果的模型漂移明显减少。尽管专门对估计参数施加了最小限度的限制，但是它们的地理位置在物理上似乎是合理的，并且与Argo观察到的与上层海洋分层密切相关。此外，估计的参数调整还会对20年来的上层海洋分层和混合层深度产生一级影响。这些结果确定了拟合Argo剖面的约束条件，将其作为区域湍流传输速率反演的有效观测基础。讨论了该方法的不确定性和进一步的改进。

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