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Roles of ubiquitin signaling in transcription regulation

机译:泛素信号传导在转录调控中的作用

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摘要

Rivaling or cooperating with other post-translational modifications, ubiquitination plays central roles in regulating numerous cellular processes. Not surprisingly, gain- or loss-of-function mutations in several components of the ubiquitin system are causally linked to human pathologies including cancer. The covalent attachment of ubiquitin to target proteins occurs in sequential steps and involves ubiquitin ligases (E3s) which are the most abundant enzymes of the ubiquitin system. Although often associated with proteasomal degradation, ubiquitination is also involved in regulatory events in a proteasome-independent manner. Moreover, ubiquitination is reversible and specific proteases, termed deubiquitinases (DUBs), remove ubiquitin from protein substrates. While we now appreciate the importance of ubiquitin signaling in coordinating a plethora of physio-pathological processes, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This review summarizes current findings on the critical functions exerted by E3s and DUBs in transcriptional control, particularly chromatin remodeling and transcription initiation/elongation.
机译:与其他翻译后修饰竞争或合作,泛素化在调节众多细胞过程中起着核心作用。毫不奇怪,泛素系统几个组成部分的功能获得或丧失突变与包括癌症在内的人类疾病具有因果关系。泛素与靶蛋白的共价连接是按顺序进行的,涉及泛素连接酶(E3),泛素连接酶是泛素系统中最丰富的酶。尽管泛素化通常与蛋白酶体降解有关,但泛素化也以与蛋白酶体无关的方式参与调节事件。此外,泛素化是可逆的,称为去泛素酶(DUBs)的特定蛋白酶可从蛋白质底物中去除泛素。虽然我们现在认识到遍在蛋白信号在协调大量生理病理过程中的重要性,但其分子机制尚未得到充分理解。这篇综述总结了有关E3和DUB在转录控制中发挥关键作用的最新发现,特别是染色质重塑和转录起始/延伸。

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