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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Ellenberg's water table experiment put to the test: species optima along a hydrological gradient
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Ellenberg's water table experiment put to the test: species optima along a hydrological gradient

机译：埃伦贝格的地下水位实验得到检验：沿着水文梯度的物种最优

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An important aspect of niche theory is the position of species' optima along ecological gradients. It is widely believed that a species' ecological optimum takes its shape only under competitive pressure. The ecological optimum, therefore, is thought to differ from the physiological optimum in the absence of interspecific competition. Ellenberg's Hohenheim water table experiment has been very influential in this context. However, the water table gradient in Ellenberg's experiment was produced by varying the soil thickness above the water table, which confounded the potentially disparate impacts of water table depth (WTD) and soil depth on species growth. Accordingly, here we have re-evaluated Ellenberg's work. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that physiological and ecological optima are identical and unaffected by interspecific interaction. We used the same six grasses as in Ellenberg's experiments, but in our mesocosms, WTD was varied but soil depth kept constant. The design included both an additive component (with/without plant interaction) and a substitutive component (monocultures vs. species mixtures). The results show that the physiological optima along the hydrological gradient varied greatly between species, even in the absence of interspecific interaction. Within species, however, physiological and ecological optima appeared identical in most cases, irrespective of the competition treatment. We conclude that the 'physiological capacity' of species largely determines where they are able to persist and that any impact of interspecific interaction is only marginal. These findings are at variance with Ellenberg's rule, where competition is considered to shift the distribution of a species away from its physiological optimum.
机译：生态位理论的一个重要方面是物种最优值在生态梯度上的位置。人们普遍认为，只有在竞争压力下，物种的生态最佳状态才能形成。因此，在没有种间竞争的情况下，认为生态最适与生理最适不同。在这种情况下，埃伦贝格（Ellenberg）的霍恩海姆（Hohenheim）地下水实验非常有影响。但是，Ellenberg实验中的地下水位梯度是通过改变地下水位上方的土壤厚度而产生的，这混淆了地下水位深度（WTD）和土壤深度对物种生长的潜在不同影响。因此，在这里我们重新评估了埃伦伯格的工作。具体而言，我们测试了生理和生态最佳状态相同且不受种间相互作用影响的假设。我们使用了与Ellenberg实验相同的六种草，但在中观中，WTD有所不同，但土壤深度保持恒定。设计既包括添加成分（具有/不具有植物相互作用）和替代成分（单一栽培与物种混合物）。结果表明，即使没有种间相互作用，物种间沿水文梯度的最佳生理变化也很大。然而，在种内，无论竞争处理如何，生理和生态的最佳状态在大多数情况下都相同。我们得出结论，物种的“生理能力”在很大程度上决定了它们能够维持的位置，种间相互作用的任何影响都只是微不足道的。这些发现与埃伦伯格定律不一致，后者认为竞争会改变物种的分布，使其脱离生理最佳状态。

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