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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >Susceptibility to disease varies with ontogeny and immunocompetence in a threatened amphibian
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Susceptibility to disease varies with ontogeny and immunocompetence in a threatened amphibian

机译：受威胁的两栖动物的疾病易感性随个体发育和免疫能力的变化而变化

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Ontogenetic changes in disease susceptibility have been demonstrated in many vertebrate taxa, as immature immune systems and limited prior exposure to pathogens can place less developed juveniles at a greater disease risk. By causing the disease chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection has led to the decline of many amphibian species. Despite increasing knowledge on how Bd varies in its effects among species, little is known on the interaction between susceptibility and development within host species. We compared the ontogenetic susceptibility of post-metamorphic green and golden bell frogs Litoria aurea to chytridiomycosis by simultaneously measuring three host-pathogen responses as indicators of the development of the fungus-infection load, survival rate, and host immunocompetence-following Bd exposure in three life stages (recently metamorphosed juveniles, subadults, adults) over 95 days. Frogs exposed to Bd as recently metamorphosed juveniles acquired higher infection loads and experienced lower immune function and lower survivorship than subadults and adults, indicating an ontogenetic decline in chytridiomycosis susceptibility. By corresponding with an intrinsic developmental maturation in immunocompetence seen in uninfected frogs, we suggest these developmental changes in host susceptibility in L. aurea may be immune mediated. Consequently, the physiological relationship between ontogeny and immunity may affect host population structure and demography through variation in life stage survival, and understanding this can shape management targets for effective amphibian conservation.
机译：在许多脊椎动物类群中已证明疾病易感性的自体遗传学变化，因为未成熟的免疫系统和有限的病原体暴露可能使发育较差的幼虫面临更大的疾病风险。通过引起乳糜菌病，巴氏梭菌（Bd）的感染已导致许多两栖动物物种的减少。尽管人们越来越了解Bd在物种之间的作用方式如何变化，但对寄主物种内磁化率与发育之间相互作用的了解却很少。我们通过同时测量三种宿主-病原体反应作为真菌感染负荷，存活率和宿主免疫能力继Bd暴露发展的指标，比较了变态后的绿色和金色铃铛青蛙金黄色葡萄球菌对乳糜菌的个体遗传敏感性。 95天的生命阶段（最近变态的青少年，亚成人，成年人）。与亚成人和成年成年人相比，作为最近变态的幼虫而暴露于Bd的青蛙获得更高的感染负荷，免疫功能和存活率更低，这表明壶菌病的易感性下降。通过与在未感染的青蛙中看到的免疫能力的内在发育成熟相对应，我们建议这些在金黄色葡萄球菌宿主易感性中的发育变化可能是免疫介导的。因此，个体发育与免疫力之间的生理关系可能会通过生命阶段生存率的变化影响宿主种群的结构和人口统计学，并且了解这一点可以确定有效两栖动物保护的管理目标。

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