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首页> 外文期刊>Oecologia >The effects of disturbance and enemy exclusion on performance of an invasive species, common ragweed, in its native range
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The effects of disturbance and enemy exclusion on performance of an invasive species, common ragweed, in its native range

机译：干扰和敌人驱逐对其入侵范围内普通豚草的入侵性能的影响

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Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an abundant weed in its native North America, despite supporting a wide range of natural enemies. Here, we tested whether these enemies have significant impacts on the performance of this plant in its native range. We excluded enemies from the three principal life-history stages (seed, seedling, and adult) of this annual in a series of field experiments; at the adult stage, we also manipulated soil disturbance and conspecific density. We then measured the consequences of these treatments for growth, survival, and reproduction. Excluding fungi and vertebrate granivores from seeds on the soil surface did not increase germination relative to control plots. Seedling survivorship was only slightly increased by the exclusion of molluscs and other herbivores. Insecticide reduced damage to leaves of adult plants, but did not improve growth or reproduction. Growth and survivorship of adults were strongly increased by disturbance, while higher conspecific density reduced performance in disturbed plots. These results indicate ragweed is insensitive to attack by many of its natural enemies, helping to explain its native-range success. In addition, they suggest that even though ragweed lost most of its insect folivores while invading Europe, escape from these enemies is unlikely to have provided a significant demographic advantage; instead, disturbance is likely to have been a much more important factor in its invasion. Escape from enemies should not be assumed to explain the success of exotic species unless improved performance also can be demonstrated; native-range studies can help achieve this goal.
机译：豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifolia）在北美洲是一种丰富的杂草，尽管它支持各种各样的天敌。在这里，我们测试了这些敌人是否会对本机在其本地范围内的性能产生重大影响。通过一系列野外试验，我们从本年度的三个主要生活史阶段（种子，幼苗和成年）中排除了敌人;在成年阶段，我们还处理了土壤扰动和同种密度。然后，我们测量了这些处理对生长，存活和繁殖的影响。与对照样地相比，从土壤表面种子上除去真菌和脊椎动物食草动物不会增加发芽率。排除软体动物和其他食草动物后，幼苗的存活率仅略有增加。杀虫剂减少了对成年植物叶片的伤害，但并未改善其生长或繁殖。干扰极大地提高了成年动物的生长和存活率，而较高的同种密度降低了受干扰地块的性能。这些结果表明豚草对许多天敌的攻击不敏感，这有助于解释其原生范围的成功。此外，他们认为，尽管豚草在入侵欧洲时丧失了大部分昆虫食欲，但从这些敌人逃脱的机会不大可能会带来明显的人口优势。相反，干扰可能是其入侵的一个重要因素。除非能够证明其性能有所提高，否则不应以逃避敌人来解释外来物种的成功。本地研究可以帮助实现这一目标。

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