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首页> 外文期刊>Ostrich >Biogeography on the eve of the twenty-first century: Towards anepistemology of biogeography [Review]
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Biogeography on the eve of the twenty-first century: Towards anepistemology of biogeography [Review]

机译：二十一世纪前夕的生物地理学：走向生物地理学的流行病学[综述]

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摘要

To reconstruct the spatio-temporal development of life on earth biogeographers have traditionally used several units of analysis and various kinds of data. The species has long been a fundamental unit, and a map of a species' distribution a basic datum. Some recent workers reject the biological species concept and advocate a phylogenetic one instead. Just as the definition of species may be changing, new technology and new mapping techniques are enlarging the concept of map. Through area cladograms, cladistics has modified the way taxonomic and area relationships are considered. Biogeography at the end of the 20th century thus is a conglomerate of old and new concepts, and of classic and revised interpretations. However, a literature review shows that, whether they use older trends or newer approaches, and irrespective of the school of thought they adhere to, biogeographers try to answer three hierarchically interrelated questions: (1) What are the patterns of geographical distribution? (2) What processes explain these patterns? and (3) How are these processes controlled? Pattern recognition is indispensable for any further work, process identification is concerned with proximate explanation, and process control seeks ultimate causation and may lead to theoretical considerations.
机译：为了在地球上重建生命的时空发展，生物地理学家传统上使用了几种分析单位和各种数据。长期以来，物种一直是基本单位，物种分布图是基本数据。最近的一些工作人员拒绝了生物物种的概念，而是提倡系统进化的概念。就像物种的定义可能正在改变一样，新技术和新制图技术也在扩大地图的概念。通过区域分支图，分支机构改变了考虑分类学和区域关系的方式。因此，20世纪末的生物地理学是新旧概念以及经典解释和修订解释的综合体。但是，文献综述表明，无论他们采用的是较旧的趋势还是采用新的方法，并且无论他们遵循的思想流派如何，生物地理学家都试图回答三个与等级相关的问题：（1）地理分布的模式是什么？ （2）哪些过程解释了这些模式？ （3）如何控制这些过程？模式识别对于任何进一步的工作都是必不可少的，过程识别与直接的解释有关，过程控制寻求最终的因果关系，并可能导致理论上的考虑。

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