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The influence of food abundance, food dispersion and habitat structure on territory selection and size of an Afrotropical terrestrial insectivore

机译：食物丰富度，食物分散性和栖息地结构对非陆地陆生食虫动物的区域选择和大小的影响

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Most tropical insectivorous birds, unlike their temperate counterparts, hold and defend a feeding and breeding territory year-around. However, our understanding of ecological factors influencing territory selection and size in tropical insectivores is limited. Here we examine three prominent hypotheses relating food abundance, food dispersion (spatial arrangement of food items), and habitat structure to territoriality in the Usambara Thrush Turdus roehli. We first compared leaf-litter macro-invertebrate abundance and dispersion, and habitat structure between territories and random sites. We then examined the relation between these same ecological factors and territory size. Invertebrate abundance and dispersion were sparsely and evenly distributed across our study system and did not vary between territories and random sites. In contrast, habitat structure did vary between territories and random sites indicating the Usambara Thrush selects territories with open understorey and closed overstorey habitat. Invertebrate abundance and dispersion within territories of the Usambara Thrush were not associated with habitat structure. We believe the most likely explanation for the Usambara Thrush's preference for open understorey and closed overstorey habitat relates to foraging behavior. Using information-theoretic model selection we found that invertebrate abundance was the highest-ranked predictor of territory size and was inversely related, consistent with food value theory of territoriality.
机译：大多数热带食虫鸟类与温带鸟类不同，它们一年四季都拥有并捍卫着饲养和繁殖区域。然而，我们对影响热带食虫的区域选择和大小的生态因素的理解是有限的。在这里，我们研究了三个重要的假设，这些假设将食物丰度，食物分散度（食物的空间布置）以及栖息地结构与Usambara画眉Turdus roehli的地域性联系起来。我们首先比较了叶子凋落物的大型无脊椎动物的丰度和分散度，以及领土和随机地点之间的栖息地结构。然后，我们研究了这些相同的生态因素与领土规模之间的关系。无脊椎动物的丰度和分散度在我们的研究系统中稀疏均匀地分布，并且在区域和随机位置之间没有差异。相反，栖息地的结构在领土和随机地点之间确实有所不同，这表明Usambara鹅口疮选择了底层开放和封闭层高的栖息地。无脊椎动物丰富度和在Usambara鹅口疮境内的散布与栖息地结构无关。我们认为，最可能的解释是Usambara鹅口疮偏爱开放式林下和封闭式林地的栖息地，这与觅食行为有关。通过信息理论模型的选择，我们发现无脊椎动物的丰度是领土规模的最高预测指标，并且呈反相关关系，与地域性食品价值理论一致。

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