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Nanoscience and nanotechnology: materials revolution for the 21st century

机译:纳米科学与纳米技术:21世纪的材料革命

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摘要

Materials and materials development are fundamental to our very culture. We even ascribe major historical periods of our society to materials: stone age, bronze age, iron age, steel age (industrial revolution), silicon age and silica age (telecom revolution). This reflects how important materials are to us: we have and always will strive to understand and modify the world around us and the stuff of which it is made. We have learned that the predictive power that arises from knowing the relationship between a material's behavior, its form and routes to fabrication, so-called structure-processing-property relationships, underpins society's engineering and technological advances. These early material-defined eras were just that: defined by a specific material: The next societal frontiers will be opened not through understanding of a particular material, but rather by understanding and optimizing the synergism afforded by material combinations. This increased complexity will rely on rapid advances in predictive understanding of material behavior and assembly on all length scales — atomic to macroscopic.
机译:材料和材料开发对我们的文化至关重要。我们甚至将社会的主要历史时期归因于以下材料:石器时代,青铜器时代,铁器时代,钢铁时代(工业革命),硅时代和硅石时代(电信革命)。这反映出材料对我们而言是多么重要:我们拥有并且将始终努力理解和改变我们周围的世界及其构成的东西。我们已经了解到,通过了解材料的行为,材料的形式和制造途径之间的关系(即所谓的结构-加工-性能关系)而产生的预测能力,将支撑社会的工程和技术进步。这些由材料定义的早期时代就是这样:由特定材料定义:下一个社会前沿不是通过了解特定材料而是通过理解和优化材料组合所提供的协同作用来打开的。这种增加的复杂性将依赖于对所有行为(从原子到宏观)的材料行为和组装的预测性理解的快速进步。

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