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首页> 外文期刊>Schizophrenia research >Using negative feedback to guide behavior: Impairments on the first 4 cards of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test predict negative symptoms of schizophrenia
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Using negative feedback to guide behavior: Impairments on the first 4 cards of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test predict negative symptoms of schizophrenia

机译：使用负面反馈指导行为：威斯康星卡片分类测试的前4张卡片上的障碍可预测精神分裂症的负面症状

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Research has demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia fail to appropriately use negative feedback to guide learning. These learning deficits are thought to arise from abnormalities in midbrain dopamine activity. Primary and enduring negative symptoms are also associated with abnormal dopamine activity and are expected to produce more severe deficits in learning when they present in individuals with schizophrenia. The current study examines this matter by comparing individuals with deficit syndrome schizophrenia, which is characterized by primary and enduring negative symptoms, to individuals with nondeficit syndrome schizophrenia and to normal controls in their use of positive feedback and negative feedback to guide learning on the first four cards of the WCST. Participants included 67 individuals with schizophrenia (15 deficit; 52 nondeficit syndrome) and 51 healthy controls. Accuracy data from the first 4 cards of the WCST and measures of global test performance were examined. Individuals with schizophrenia were significantly less accurate than controls in their performance on early (pre-shift) WCST trials, and this impairment was significantly greater in patients with deficit than nondeficit schizophrenia. Additionally, accuracy across the first 4 WCST cards significantly predicted the number of categories completed and percentage of perseverative errors across the entire test. These findings suggest that negative symptoms of schizophrenia are associated with difficulty using negative feedback to adaptively guide behavior, and are consistent with the notion that abnormal DA signaling contributes to the higher-order executive functioning impairments seen in schizophrenia with severe negative symptoms.
机译：研究表明，精神分裂症患者无法适当地使用负面反馈来指导学习。这些学习缺陷被认为是由于中脑多巴胺活性异常引起的。原发性和持久性阴性症状也与多巴胺活性异常有关，当它们出现在精神分裂症患者中时，预计会在学习中产生更严重的缺陷。当前的研究通过比较特征为原发性和持久性阴性症状的缺陷综合症精神分裂症患者，非缺陷综合症精神分裂症患者和正常对照者使用正反馈和负反馈来指导前四个方面的学习来研究此问题。 WCST的卡片。参加者包括67位精神分裂症患者（15位缺陷; 52位非赤字综合征）和51位健康对照。检验了来自WCST的前四张卡的准确性数据和整体测试性能的度量。在早期（轮班前）WCST试验中，精神分裂症患者的表现准确性显着低于对照组，而缺陷型患者的这种障碍明显大于非缺陷型精神分裂症。此外，前4个WCST卡的准确性可显着预测完成的类别数和整个测试中的永久错误百分比。这些发现表明，精神分裂症的阴性症状与使用负反馈来适应性地指导行为的困难有关，并且与以下观念相一致：DA信号异常会导致严重的阴性症状的精神分裂症中的高级执行功能障碍。

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