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An occupant response shelter escape time (ORSET) model

机译：乘员响应避难所逃生时间（ORSET）模型

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摘要

This paper contrasts the physically deterministic travel/flow model of behaviour in fires, represented by prescriptive fire codes and performance-based fire engineering, with an occupant response model. An occupant response shelter escape time (ORSET) model is advocated as a framework unifying aspects of psychology, architecture, engineering and facilities management. Important to this are the concepts of occupancy, occupants and occupant locations, allied to visual and sensory access/exposure, used to define people's knowledge of their surroundings. The paper provides a generic outline of ORSET, expressed in terms of occupancy risk criteria: occupancy population and activity profiles, a pre-movement index, visual access/ wayfinding design/index and means of escape. These serve as inputs to the appraisal and measurement of occupant response pre-movement and movement, wayfinding patterns of behaviour and corresponding safety factor adjustments to minimum shelter and/or travel/flow time calculations. Attention is drawn to the importance of researching and modelling occupant starting time distributions, staggered phases of response, arrival and flow rates at alternative exits. The available safe escape time needs to be greater than ORSET. The paper discusses the scope, implications, development and applications of the model, concluding with related recommendations.
机译：本文将火灾行为的物理确定性旅行/流动模型（由规范性消防法规和基于性能的消防工程代表）与乘员响应模型进行对比。有人提出了乘员反应避难所逃生时间（ORSET）模型作为统一心理学，建筑学，工程学和设施管理各方面的框架。对此的重要概念是用于定义人们对周围环境知识的占用，占用者和占用者位置的概念，这些概念与视觉和感官访问/暴露有关。本文提供了ORSET的一般大纲，以占用风险标准表示：占用人口和活动概况，出行前指数，视觉通道/寻路设计/指数和逃生途径。这些用作评估和测量乘员响应的预先移动和移动，行为的寻路模式以及相应的安全系数调整，以最小化避难所和/或旅行/流动时间的计算。请注意研究和建模乘员起步时间分布，响应的交错阶段，到达和替代出口处的流量的重要性。可用的安全逃生时间必须大于ORSET。本文讨论了该模型的范围，含义，开发和应用，并附有相关建议。

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