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A Quantitative Perspective on Ethics in Large Team Science

机译：大型团队科学中伦理学的定量观点

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摘要

The gradual crowding out of singleton and small team science by large team endeavors is challenging key features of research culture. It is therefore important for the future of scientific practice to reflect upon the individual scientist's ethical responsibilities within teams. To facilitate this reflection we show labor force trends in the US revealing a skewed growth in academic ranks and increased levels of competition for promotion within the system; we analyze teaming trends across disciplines and national borders demonstrating why it is becoming difficult to distribute credit and to avoid conflicts of interest; and we use more than a century of Nobel prize data to show how science is outgrowing its old institutions of singleton awards. Of particular concern within the large team environment is the weakening of the mentor-mentee relation, which undermines the cultivation of virtue ethics across scientific generations. These trends and emerging organizational complexities call for a universal set of behavioral norms that transcend team heterogeneity and hierarchy. To this end, our expository analysis provides a survey of ethical issues in team settings to inform science ethics education and science policy.
机译：大型团队的努力逐渐使单身和小型团队科学排挤，这对研究文化的主要特征提出了挑战。因此，重要的是，对科学实践的未来进行反思，以反思团队中每个科学家的道德责任。为了促进这种反思，我们展示了美国的劳动力趋势，揭示了学历排名的不对称增长和系统内晋升的竞争加剧;我们分析了跨学科和跨国界的团队合作趋势，以说明为什么分配信用和避免利益冲突变得越来越困难;我们使用了一个多世纪的诺贝尔奖数据来显示科学如何超越其过去的单例奖制度。在大型团队环境中，特别令人关注的是导师与受训者关系的减弱，这破坏了科学世代之间对道德操守的培养。这些趋势和新兴的组织复杂性要求一套超越团队异质性和等级制的通用行为准则。为此，我们的说明性分析提供了对团队环境中道德问题的调查，以为科学道德教育和科学政策提供信息。

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