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首页> 外文期刊>Science in context >Mathematicians and the nation in the second half of the nineteenth century as reflected in the Luigi Cremona correspondence
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Mathematicians and the nation in the second half of the nineteenth century as reflected in the Luigi Cremona correspondence

机译：路易吉·克雷莫纳（Luigi Cremona）的书信反映了十九世纪下半叶的数学家和国家

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Argument Up until the French Revolution, European mathematics was an "aristocratic" activity, the intellectual pastime of a small circle of men who were convinced they were collaborating on a universal undertaking free of all space-time constraints, as they believed they were ideally in dialogue with the Greek founders and with mathematicians of all languages and eras. The nineteenth century saw its transformation into a "democratic: but also "patriotic" activity: the dominant tendency, as shown by recent research to analyze this transformation, seems to be the national one, albeit accompanied by numerous analogies from the point of view of the processes of national evolution, possibly staggered in time. Nevertheless, the very homogeneity of the individual national processes leads us to view mathematics in the context of the national-universal tension that the spread of liberal democracy was subjected to over the past two centuries. In order to analyze national-universal tension in mathematics, viewed as an intellectual undertaking and a profession of the new bourgeois society, it is necessary to investigate whether the network of international communication survived the political, social, and cultural upheavals of the French Revolution and the European wars waged in the early nineteenth century, whether national passions have transformed this network, and if so, in what way. Luigi Cremona's international correspondence indicates that relationships among individuals have been restructured by the force of national membership, but that the universal nature of mathematics has actually been boosted by a vision shared by mathematicians from all countries concerning the role of their discipline in democratic and liberal society as the basis of scientific culture and technological innovation, as well as a basic component of public education.
机译：论据直到法国大革命之前，欧洲数学都是一种“贵族”活动，是一小群人的智力消遣，他们坚信他们正在开展一项不受所有时空限制的普遍事业，因为他们认为自己是理想的人。与希腊创始人和所有语言和时代的数学家进行对话。十九世纪将其转变为一种“民主的：但也有“爱国的”活动：最近的分析这种转变的研究表明，这种主导趋势似乎是全国性的，尽管从观点来看伴随着许多类比。然而，由于个别国家程序的高度同质性，使我们在过去两个世纪以来自由民主制的传播受到国家-普遍关系的背景下看待数学。为了分析被视为新资产阶级社会的知识分子和职业的数学在世界范围内的紧张关系，有必要调查国际交流网络是否能幸免于法国大革命和政治革命的政治，社会和文化动荡。在19世纪初的欧洲战争中，国家的热情是否改变了这种网络k，如果是，则以什么方式。路易吉·克雷莫纳（Luigi Cremona）的国际往来信件表明，人们之间的关系已经通过国家会员制的力量进行了重组，但实际上，各国数学家对于其学科在民主和自由社会中的作用所抱有的共同愿景实际上促进了数学的普遍性。作为科学文化和技术创新的基础，也是公共教育的基本组成部分。

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