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Evaluation of the selectivity of herbicides as potential replacements for atrazine in forestry

机译：评价除草剂作为森林中阿特拉津的潜在替代品的选择性

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With the imminent withdrawal from the market of the herbicide atrazine, alternative treatments need to be identified for pre and post-emergence control of weeds in newly-planted forestry and farm woodland in the UK. To assist in the identification ofreplacement herbicides, one container based and two field experiments investigated the tolerance of young trees to a range of different products. In the container experiment, pyridate was well tolerated by all species (Acer pseudoplatanus L., Fagus sylvatica L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Larix kaempferi (Lindl.) Carriere, Pinus nigra ssp. laricio Maire, Prunus avium (L.) L., Populus x canadensis Moench and Quercus robur L.) when applied in May or August; localised leaf injury on some broadleaved species was soon outgrown. Cyanazine caused short term leaf damage to broadleaved tree species but generally no long term adverse effects at the recommended dose. The mixture of cyanazine plus terbuthylazine caused unacceptable injury to the broadleaved species but was safe on the conifers when applied in August. Amidosulfuron generally had no long-term adverse effects but tribenuron-methyl was more damaging on some broadleaved species. In a field experiment the tolerance of nine tree species (A. pseudoplatanus,F. excelsior, P. avium, P. canadensis, Q. robur, P. nigra ssp. laricio, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Picea abies (L.) H. Karst and Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carriere to a range of foliar-acting herbicides applied alone and in mixture with pendimethalin was tested. Amidosulfuron, diflufenican plus terbuthylazine, pyridate and tribenuron-methyl applied alone and in mixture with pendimethalin, as directed, sprays to the base of dormant trees in February appeared to be well tolerated by all species.Mixtures with the foliar-acting herbicide glyphosate caused shoot damage in the sprayed area but no greater than that caused by "glyphosate alone. Paraquat alone or in mixture with pendimethalin, applied to tree bases in February did not appear to damage broadleaved species, but did damage sprayed shoots of all conifer species. Dichlobenil applied in February as a granular product appeared to be safe on most species but caused marked leaf-margin chlorosis on cherry. A mixture of clopyralid, cycloxydimand metazachlor applied over foliage on tree bases in May did not appear to cause long-term damage.
机译：随着除草剂at去津的市场迫在眉睫，在英国新种植的林业和农场林地中，需要确定出除草剂出苗前和后控制杂草的替代处理方法。为了帮助鉴定替代的除草剂，一项基于容器的研究和两项现场试验研究了幼树对各种不同产品的耐受性。在容器实验中，所有物种（假针cer，水青冈，水曲柳，落叶松，落叶松，黑松，雷鸟，黑樱桃，李子，李子）对吡啶酸都有很好的耐受性。 （5月或8月施用）; Populus x canadensis Moench和Quercus robur L.）;一些阔叶树种的局部叶损伤很快就消失了。氰嗪对阔叶树种造成短期叶片损害，但在推荐剂量下一般不会造成长期不利影响。氰嗪和叔丁嗪的混合物对阔叶树种造成了不可接受的伤害，但在八月份使用时对针叶树是安全的。酰胺基磺隆一般没有长期的不良影响，但丁苯磺隆对某些阔叶树种的破坏更大。在田间试验中，对九种树种的耐受性（假白扁豆，精白细木兰，小白僵菌，加拿大假单胞菌，罗伯特棉，黑假单胞菌slar。laricio，假单胞菌menziesii（Mirb。）佛朗哥，云杉云杉（L ）H. Karst和Picea sitchensis（Bong。）对一系列叶面除草剂的载体具有单独或与二甲戊灵混合使用的能力，并测试了酰氨基磺隆，双氟芬尼加特比噻嗪，吡啶盐和苯磺隆甲基，以及与二甲戊灵混合使用，按照指示，2月对休眠树基的喷雾似乎对所有物种都具有良好的耐受性。与叶面除草剂草甘膦的混合物对喷雾区域造成的枝条损害，但不大于“单独使用草甘膦。单独使用百草枯或百草枯引起的损害”。与二甲戊乐灵混合使用时，二月份施用于树木基部似乎没有损害阔叶树种，但损害了所有针叶树种的喷雾芽。 ，但造成樱桃明显的叶缘萎黄病。 5月在树根上的叶子上喷洒了吡虫啉，环氧基二甲草胺的混合物，似乎没有造成长期损害。

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