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Generalization of Visual Shapesby Flexible and Simple Rules

机译：通过灵活简单的规则对视觉形状进行泛化

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摘要

Rules and similarity are at the heart of our understanding of human categorization. However, it is diffi-cult to distinguish their role as both determinants of categorization are confounded in many real situations. Rules are based on a number of identical properties between objects but these correspondences also make objects appearing more similar. Here, we introduced a stimulus set where rules and similarity were uncon-founded and we let participants generalize category examples towards new instances. We also introduced a method based on the frequency distribution of the formed partitions in the stimulus sets, which allowed us to verify the role of rules and similarity in categorization. Our evaluation favoured the rule-based account. The most preferred rules were the simplest ones and they consisted of recurrent visual properties (regular-ities) in the stimulus set. Additionally, we created different variants of the same stimulus set and tested the moderating influence of small changes in appearance of the stimulus material. A conceptual manipulation (Experiment 1) had no influence but all visual manipulations (Experiment 2 and 3) had strong influences in participants' reliance on particular rules, indicating that prior beliefs of category defining rules are rather flexible.
机译：规则和相似性是我们对人类分类的理解的核心。但是，很难区分它们的作用，因为分类的两个决定因素在许多实际情况中都是混乱的。规则基于对象之间的许多相同属性，但是这些对应关系也使对象看起来更相似。在这里，我们引入了一个刺激集，其中规则和相似性没有混淆，并且让参与者将类别示例推广到新实例。我们还介绍了一种基于刺激集中形成的分区的频率分布的方法，该方法使我们能够验证规则和相似性在分类中的作用。我们的评估偏向基于规则的帐户。最优选的规则是最简单的规则，它们由刺激集中的经常性视觉属性（规则性）组成。此外，我们创建了相同刺激组的不同变体，并测试了刺激材料外观上的微小变化所产生的调节作用。概念操纵（实验1）没有影响，但是所有视觉操纵（实验2和3）在参与者对特定规则的依赖方面都有很大的影响，这表明类别定义规则的先前信念相当灵活。

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