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首页> 外文期刊>Seismological research letters >Global Navigation Satellite Systems Seismology for the 2012 Mw 6.1 Emilia Earthquake: Exploiting the VADASE Algorithm
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Global Navigation Satellite Systems Seismology for the 2012 Mw 6.1 Emilia Earthquake: Exploiting the VADASE Algorithm

机译：2012年Mw 6.1艾米利亚大地震的全球导航卫星系统地震：利用VADASE算法

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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been repeatedly proven to be a powerful tool to estimate coseismic displacements and waveforms,with accuracies ranging from few millimeters to few centimeters. These promising results were achieved following two main strategies: differential positioning (DP) and precise point positioning (PPP; Bock et al. [1993], Kouba [2003], Larson et al. [2007], Larson [2009], Ohta et al. [2012], Xu et al. [2012], and Hung and Rau [2013]). In particular, both the modeling of fault rupture and the seismic moment estimation could benefit from GPS-derived displacements, because GPS is not affected by the saturation problems experienced by seismometers located near the epicenters of strong earthquakes. Thanks to the robustness of the GPS-derived displacement waveforms, in the last years some authors (Bock et al., 2000; Langbein and Bock, 2004; Blewitt et al., 2006; Bock and Genrich, 2006) addressed the problem to retrieve them in real time, with accuracies of a few centimeters, from GPS high-rate observations (1 Hz or more). In this context, the Variometric Approach for Displacements Analysis Standalone Engine (VADASE) has been proposed (Colosimo et al. [2011a], Colosimo [2013]). The approach is based on time single differences of carrier phase observations continuously collected using a standalone GPS receiver and on standard GPS broadcast products (orbits and clocks) that are available in real time. Therefore, one receiver works in standalone mode and the epoch-by-epoch displacements (equivalent to velocities) are estimated. Then, they are summed over the time interval when the earthquake occurred to retrieve displacements. Because VADASE does not require either additional technological complexity or a centralized data analysis, in principle, it can be embedded into the GPS receiver firmware and therefore can work in real time. Moreover, differently from DP and PPP, VADASE does not require phase ambiguity solving and it is also able to work with single-frequency data only.
机译：全球定位系统（GPS）已被反复证明是估算同震位移和波形的强大工具，其精度范围从几毫米到几厘米。这些有前景的结果是通过以下两种主要策略实现的：差分定位（DP）和精确点定位（PPP; Bock等人[1993]，Kouba [2003]，Larson等人[2007]，Larson [2009]，Ohta等人）等人[2012]，Xu等人[2012]和Hung and Rau [2013]）。特别是，断裂破裂的建模和地震矩估计都可以从GPS衍生的位移中受益，因为GPS不受位于强震震中附近的地震仪遇到的饱和问题的影响。得益于GPS衍生的位移波形的鲁棒性，近年来，一些作者（Bock等，2000; Langbein和Bock，2004; Blewitt等，2006; Bock和Genrich，2006）解决了检索问题。通过GPS高速观测（1 Hz或更高）实时地以几厘米的精度进行实时测量。在这种情况下，已经提出了变位分析独立引擎（VADASE）的可变方法（Colosimo等[2011a]，Colosimo [2013]）。该方法基于使用独立GPS接收器连续收集的载波相位观测值的时间单个差异，以及基于实时可用的标准GPS广播产品（轨道和时钟）。因此，一个接收器以独立模式工作，并且估计了每个时期的位移（相当于速度）。然后，将它们在地震发生的时间间隔内相加，以获取位移。由于VADASE不需要额外的技术复杂性或集中的数据分析，因此原则上可以将其嵌入GPS接收器固件中，因此可以实时工作。此外，与DP和PPP不同，VADASE不需要相位模糊度求解，它也只能处理单频数据。

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