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首页> 外文期刊>Seminars in neurology >Botulism: update and review.
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Botulism: update and review.

机译：肉毒中毒：更新和审查。

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摘要

Botulism is both an old and an emerging disease. Over 100 years ago, the classic food-borne type was found to be caused by ingesting contaminated food containing the toxin produced by a bacteria. In the first half of the 20th century a second form, wound botulism, was discovered. Three additional forms (infant, hidden, and inadvertent) were first described in the last quarter of the 20th century. Our understanding of how botulinum toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction has been clarified in the past 10 years. In the past 20 years, we have witnessed one of the strangest of all ironies in the history of medicine. The very lethal botulinum toxin is now being used as a treatment in an expanding list of disorders. Research is advancing in several directions. These new avenues include improved methods of preventing and treating botulism and additional novel uses of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent. In this article, the five clinical forms of botulism, the actions of botulinum toxins, electrodiagnostic methods, treatments, and possible future directions are discussed.
机译：肉毒杆菌中毒既是一种古老疾病，又是一种新兴疾病。一百多年前，经典的食源性食物是由摄入含有细菌产生毒素的受污染食物引起的。在20世纪上半叶，发现了第二种形式的伤口肉毒杆菌中毒。在20世纪后半叶，首先描述了三种其他形式（婴儿，隐藏和无意）。在过去的十年中，我们对肉毒杆菌毒素如何阻止乙酰胆碱在神经肌肉接头处释放的理解得到了澄清。在过去的20年中，我们目睹了医学史上最奇怪的讽刺之一。致命的肉毒杆菌毒素现在被用作治疗各种疾病的方法。研究正在向多个方向发展。这些新途径包括预防和治疗肉毒中毒的改良方法，以及肉毒杆菌毒素作为治疗剂的其他新用途。在本文中，讨论了肉毒中毒的五种临床形式，肉毒杆菌毒素的作用，电诊断方法，治疗方法以及可能的未来方向。

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