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Effects of ultrasound on ultrafiltration of Radix astragalus extract and cleaning of fouled membrane

机译：超声波对黄芪提取物超滤及膜污染的影响

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摘要

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasound (US) on the ultrafiltration (UF) of a natural product, Radix astragalus (RA) aqueous extract, and the cleaning process of fouled membrane. Specifically, the effects of ultrasonic frequency, power and irradiation mode on flux and resistances in UF processes were investigated. Ultrasonic irradiation had a strong impact on the normal UF process of RA extracts, especially with low frequency and high output power. An enhancement of 12-15% in permeate flux was observed when US at effective power of 10 W and frequency of 28 or 45 kHz was used. When irradiated with an US power of 120 W, the fluxes increased dramatically with the increased ultrasonic intensity, nearly 70% higher in flux than those with stirring only. The intermittent irradiation mode was desirable not only for its effective flux enhancement, but also for lowering energy consumption. Upon ultrasonic irradiation, the reversible resistance, including concentration polarization and cake layer, was sufficiently reduced as revealed by the quantitative resistance analysis using resistance-in-series model. The employment of US in both mechanical and chemical cleaning processes for fouled membranes resulted in a much higher flux recovery, especially at low frequency and high power setups. The application of US is an effective and promising approach to enhance the UF process for natural products, and for both mechanical and chemical cleaning of fouled membranes.
机译：这项研究的目的是评估超声（US）对天然产物，黄芪（RA）水提取物的超滤（UF）和污垢膜清洗过程的影响。具体而言，研究了超声频率，功率和照射方式对超滤过程中通量和电阻的影响。超声波辐射对RA提取物的正常超滤过程具有强烈影响，尤其是低频和高输出功率时。当US在10 W的有效功率和28或45 kHz的频率下使用时，观察到渗透通量提高了12-15％。当以120 W的美国功率照射时，通量随着超声强度的增加而急剧增加，与仅搅拌时相比，通量提高了近70％。间歇照射模式不仅对于提高通量有效，而且对于降低能耗也是理想的。在超声辐射下，包括串联极化模型的定量电阻分析显示，包括浓度极化和滤饼层在内的可逆电阻已充分降低。在机械和化学清洗工艺中使用US污染膜时，通量回收率要高得多，尤其是在低频和高功率设置下。美国的应用是增强天然产物超滤过程以及污染膜的机械和化学清洗的有效且有前途的方法。

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