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Exotic Newcastle Disease

机译：外来新城疫

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Exotic Newcastle disease (END) is a virulent strain of avian paramyxovirus-1. This virus has devastated the poultry industry in many countries. As a result, strict international regulations are in place to control the movement of exotic birds, poultry, and poultry products to prevent the introduction of this disease into countries where it has been eradicated. When END is introduced to a naive, unvaccinated population of poultry, mortality may reach 100%. Signs in chickens will depend on the strain of END involved. However, this disease should be suspected in any outbreak of disease in poultry where there is high mortality and respiratory, gastrointestinal and/or central nervous system signs are observed. In the most recent END outbreak in the United States, many birds had edematous heads, cyanosis, and diphtheritic lesions of the trachea, oral cavity, and esophagus. Signs in companion birds are variable and often nonspecific. Practitioners, however, should suspect this disease in parrots, particularly Amazon parrots, if the sick bird is of questionable origin and over the course of the disease develops signs related to the central nervous system. Efforts to keep END out of the United States have been largely successful; however, on repeated occasions in the last 30 years, END has entered the United States through the illegal transport of fighting chickens and psittacine birds. In two cases, END has made it into commercial poultry operations, resulting in the slaughter of millions of birds and asignificant economic impact to poultry and exotic bird producers. Education about this disease, strict biosecurity measures, and continued vigilance will be necessary to prevent future outbreaks of END.
机译：外来新城疫（END）是禽副粘病毒-1的强毒株。该病毒摧毁了许多国家的家禽业。结果，制定了严格的国际法规来控制外来鸟类，家禽和家禽产品的流动，以防止将这种疾病引入已根除的国家。当将END引入未接种疫苗的未处理的家禽时，死亡率可能达到100％。鸡的体征将取决于所涉及的END菌株。但是，在高死亡率并观察到呼吸道，胃肠道和/或中枢神经系统体征的家禽中，如果有任何疾病暴发，都应怀疑这种疾病。在美国最近一次END暴发中，许多鸟类的头部出现水肿，发cyan，气管，口腔和食道的双色性病变。伴侣鸟的体征是可变的，通常是非特异性的。但是，如果病鸟的来源可疑并且在疾病过程中发展出与中枢神经系统有关的体征，从业人员应该怀疑这种疾病存在于鹦鹉中，尤其是亚马逊鹦鹉。将END排除在美国之外的努力在很大程度上取得了成功;但是，在过去30年中，END多次通过非法运输斗鸡和鹦鹉鸟类进入美国。在两种情况下，END都将其纳入商业性家禽业，导致屠宰了数百万只禽鸟，并对家禽和外来禽鸟生产者产生了巨大的经济影响。有关此病的教育，严格的生物安全措施以及持续的警惕对于防止将来爆发END很有必要。

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