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Three Lessons From Trends in CO_2 Emissions and Energy Use in the United States

机译：美国CO_2排放和能源使用趋势的三个教训

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摘要

I derive three lessons about the potential to reduce CO_2 emissions in the United States by analyzing data on CO_2 emissions and energy use from 1960 to 2003. First, improvements in the energy efficiency of the economy and reductions in the CO_2 intensity of the energy supply did not lead to a decline in CO_2 emissions but rather were associated with rising CO_2 emissions. Second, the decline in the CO_2 intensity of the energy supply was primarily due to the expansion of nuclear power, which is notenvironmentally benign. There is no free lunch with regard to non- and low-carbon energy sources, since all energy sources generate some environmental impacts. Furthermore, expanding the use of non-fossil-fuel energy sources does not necessarily suppressthe use of fossil-fuel energy sources. Third, population growth has been a key factor driving the expansion of national CO_2 emissions and energy use, particularly since per capita levels stabilized after the 1970s.
机译：通过分析1960年至2003年间的CO_2排放量和能源使用数据，我得出了关于减少CO_2排放潜力的三个教训。首先，经济的能源效率的提高和能源供应的CO_2强度的降低确实不是导致CO_2排放量下降，而是与CO_2排放量上升有关。其次，能源供应的CO_2强度下降主要是由于核电的扩张，这在环境上不是良性的。对于非碳和低碳能源，没有免费午餐，因为所有能源都会对环境产生一定的影响。此外，扩大非化石燃料能源的使用并不一定会抑制化石燃料能源的使用。第三，人口增长一直是推动全国CO_2排放和能源使用扩大的关键因素，特别是自1970年代后人均水平稳定以来。

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