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首页> 外文期刊>Stem cell reviews >Stem cells in amniotic fluid as new tools to study human genetic diseases.
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Stem cells in amniotic fluid as new tools to study human genetic diseases.

机译：羊水中的干细胞是研究人类遗传疾病的新工具。

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In future, the characterization and isolation of different human stem cells will allow the detailed molecular investigation of cell differentiation processes and the establishment of new therapeutic concepts for a wide variety of diseases. Since the first successful isolation and cultivation of human embryonic stem cells about 10 years ago, their usage for research and therapy has been constrained by complex ethical consideration as well as by the risk of malignant development of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells after transplantation into the patient's body. Adult stem cells are ethically acceptable and harbor a low risk of tumor development. However, their differentiation potential and their proliferative capacity are limited. About 4 years ago, the discovery of amniotic fluid stem cells, expressing Oct-4, a specific marker of pluripotent stem cells, and harboring a high proliferative capacity and multilineage differentiation potential, initiated a new and promising stem cell research field. In between, amniotic fluid stem cells have been demonstrated to harbor the potential to differentiate into cells of all three embryonic germlayers. These stem cells do not form tumors in vivo and do not raise the ethical concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells. Further investigations will reveal whether amniotic fluid stem cells really represent an intermediate cell type with advantages over both, adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells. The approach to generate clonal amniotic fluid stem cell lines as new tools to investigate molecular and cell biological consequences of human natural occurring disease causing mutations is discussed.
机译：将来，对不同人类干细胞的表征和分离将允许对细胞分化过程进行详细的分子研究，并为多种疾病建立新的治疗概念。自大约10年前首次成功分离和培养人类胚胎干细胞以来，由于复杂的伦理考虑以及移植到患者体内后未分化的胚胎干细胞发生恶性发展的风险，限制了它们在研究和治疗中的应用。 。成人干细胞在伦理上是可以接受的，并且肿瘤发展的风险较低。但是，它们的分化潜力和增殖能力是有限的。大约4年前，发现表达多能干细胞的特异性标志物Oct-4并具有高增殖能力和多系分化潜能的羊水干细胞，开创了一个新的有前途的干细胞研究领域。在这之间，羊水干细胞已被证明具有分化为所有三个胚胎生殖层细胞的潜力。这些干细胞不会在体内形成肿瘤，也不会引起与人类胚胎干细胞相关的伦理问题。进一步的研究将揭示羊水干细胞是否真正代表了一种中间细胞类型，它比成年干细胞和胚胎干细胞都具有优势。讨论了产生克隆的羊水干细胞系的方法，该方法是研究引起突变的人类自然疾病的分子和细胞生物学后果的新工具。

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