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Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory

机译：美国陆军研究实验室对峙LIBS安全应用的现状

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The United States Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been applying standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to hazardous material detection and determination. We describe several standoff systems that have been developed by ARL and provide a brief overview of standoff LIBS progress at ARL. We also present some current standoff LIBS results from explosive residues on organic substrates and biomaterials from different growth media. These new preliminary results demonstrate that standoff LIBS has the potential to discriminate hazardous materials in more complex backgrounds. Despite substantial success in the laboratory and in the handful of field trials, standoff LIBS still needs further refinement before it can be considered a fully viable instrument for field use by military or civilian personnel. However, LIBS is one of only a handful of techniques that have been shown to detect explosive signatures at a standoff distance. Other techniques that are being investigated for standoff explosives detection include terahertz (THz) imaging, photofragmentation followed by laser-induced fluorescence (PFLIF), photoacoustic spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy (46). THz time domain spectroscopy has been used to collect reflected absorption spectra of RDX at 30 m (47). Even at 30 m, however, atmospheric water vapor obstructs the RDX signal, and the interference will increase as standoff distance is increased (48,49). PF-LIF can be used as a standoff technique and has been demonstrated under laboratory conditions to detect TNT molecules at a distance of up to 2.5 m (50,51). A variation of photoacoustic spectrosocpy using quantum cascade lasers as the optical source for illuminating surface adsorbed explosives and quartz crystal tuning forks as the detectors has been demonstrated recently at a distance of 20 m (52). All of these techniques are still confined to the laboratory and are still in the early stages of development. While these other techniques have been applied to the detection of explosive materials at a standoff distance, to our knowledge, none have demonstrated discrimination between explosives and interferent materials at a standoff distance.
机译：美国陆军研究实验室（ARL）已将对峙激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）应用于有害物质的检测和确定。我们描述了ARL开发的几种对峙系统，并简要概述了ARL上对峙LIBS的进展。我们还介绍了一些目前的僵持LIBS结果，这些结果是由于有机基质上的爆炸性残留物以及来自不同生长介质的生物材料引起的。这些新的初步结果表明，相距遥远的LIBS有可能在更复杂的背景下区分有害物质。尽管LIBS在实验室和少数现场试验中取得了巨大的成功，但仍然需要进一步完善，才能将其视为军事或文职人员在野外使用的完全可行的工具。但是，LIBS是少数几种已被证明能够在对峙距离处检测爆炸信号的技术之一。正在研究的用于对峙爆炸物检测的其他技术包括太赫兹（THz）成像，光碎裂，随后的激光诱导荧光（PFLIF），光声光谱和拉曼光谱（46）。太赫兹时域光谱已用于收集RDX在30 m处的反射吸收光谱（47）。但是，即使在30 m处，大气中的水蒸气也会阻塞RDX信号，并且随着间隔距离的增加，干扰也会增加（48,49）。 PF-LIF可以用作隔离技术，并已在实验室条件下进行了证明，可以检测到最远2.5 m处的TNT分子（50,51）。最近，在距离20 m处已证明了使用量子级联激光器作为照明表面吸附炸药的光源和石英晶体音叉作为检测器的光声光谱学变化（52）。所有这些技术仍仅限于实验室，并且仍处于开发的早期阶段。虽然这些其他技术已被用于隔离距离的爆炸物检测，但据我们所知，没有一种方法能够证明隔离距离的爆炸物和干扰物之间的区别。

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