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Vegetables procurement by Asian supermarkets: a transaction cost approach

机译：亚洲超市采购蔬菜：交易成本法

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Purpose - The paper seeks to understand the conditions that motivate Asian supermarkets' choices for vegetable sourcing through wholesale procurement or preferred supplier systems. Design/methodology/approach - Insights from transaction cost theory are used to analyze the evolution of fresh produce procurement regimes by supermarkets in Bangkok and Nanjing. Findings - Trade-offs between higher production-cum-investment costs (i.e. fixed investments, variable production costs and economies of scale) with expected savings in transaction costs (governance and opportunistic behaviour) are registered that could hinder contractual delivery. Research limitations/implications - Transaction costs play an important role in shaping procurement regimes. Information, negotiation and monitoring costs are high in early phases of market development, but may be reduced when retailers establish direct and contractual relations with selected producers. Such preferred supplier arrangements may be helpful to reduce risks related to delivery frequency and product quality, but require substantial investments that only become feasible when opportunistic behaviour is adequately controlled. The nature of supplier-buyer relations alters in a number of subsequent phases from chain optimisation to integral chain care. Practical implications - With the establishment of large-scale supermarkets in Asia, buyers need more information about the quality of products and the creditworthiness and reputation of sellers and therefore increasingly rely on contractual delivery relationships. For preferred supplier regimes, scale economies and enforcement of mutual trust are key issues to establish stable relations. Originality/value - The shift from wholesale purchase towards preferred supplier regimes in emerging economies involves large investments that can only be met if governance costs are reduced.
机译：目的-本文旨在了解促使亚洲超市通过批发采购或首选供应商系统选择蔬菜的条件。设计/方法/方法-交易成本理论的见解用于分析曼谷和南京的超市的新鲜农产品采购制度的演变。发现-在较高的生产暨投资成本（即固定投资，可变生产成本和规模经济）与预期节省交易成本（管理和机会主义行为）之间进行权衡取舍，这可能会阻碍合同交付。研究局限/含义-交易成本在制定采购制度中起着重要作用。在市场开发的早期阶段，信息，谈判和监视成本很高，但是当零售商与选定的生产者建立直接和合同关系时，信息，谈判和监视成本可能会降低。这种优选的供应商安排可能有助于减少与交货频率和产品质量有关的风险，但需要大量投资，只有在适当控制机会主义行为后，这种投资才变得可行。在从链优化到整体链维护的许多后续阶段，供应商与买方关系的性质都会发生变化。实际意义-随着亚洲大型超市的建立，买家需要更多有关产品质量以及卖家信誉和声誉的信息，因此越来越依赖合同交付关系。对于首选的供应商制度而言，规模经济和相互信任的执行是建立稳定关系的关键问题。原创性/价值-新兴经济体从批发购买向首选供应商体制的转变涉及大量投资，只有降低治理成本才能实现。

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