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首页> 外文期刊>Synthese: An International Journal for Epistemology, Methodology and Philosophy of Science >What is a philosophical stance? Paradigms, policies and perspectives
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What is a philosophical stance? Paradigms, policies and perspectives

机译：什么是哲学立场？范式，政策和观点

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Since van Fraassen first put forward the suggestive idea that many philosophical positions should be construed as 'stances' rather than factual beliefs, there have been various attempts to spell out precisely what a philosophical stance might be, and on what basis one should be adopted. In this paper I defend a particular account of stances, the view that they are pragmatically justified perspectives or ways of seeing the world, and compare it to some other accounts that have been offered. In Sect. 2 I consider van Fraassen's argument for construing empiricism as a stance, and look at some responses to it. In Sect. 3 I outline my conception of stances as perspectives or ways of seeing, and explain how stances so understood may be justified. I illustrate this conception by way of a discussion of the model pluralist position with respect to the units of selection debate in biology, and suggest that on the model pluralist view different perspectives on the units of selection, such as the gene's eye view, are in fact van Fraassian stances. In Sect. 4 I discuss the view put forward by Teller and Chakravartty among others that stances should be understood as epistemic policies, and argue that it is consistent with the conception of stances as perspectives. In the final section I criticise Rowbottom's attempt to assimilate stances to Kuhnian paradigms. I argue that he has overlooked some important disanalogies between stances and paradigms, so that the comparison obscures more than it reveals.
机译：自范·弗拉森（van Fraassen）首次提出暗示性观点以来，许多哲学立场应被解释为“立场”，而不是事实信念，因此，人们进行了各种尝试，以准确地阐明什么是哲学立场，以及应在何种基础上采用。在本文中，我捍卫了一种特殊的立场观点，认为它们是务实合理的观点或看待世界的方式，并将其与其他已提出的观点进行了比较。在宗派。 2我认为范·弗拉森（van Fraassen）将经验主义解释为立场的观点，并考察了对此的一些回应。在宗派。 3我将立场的概念概述为观点或观察方式，并解释如何理解这样的立场是合理的。我将通过讨论模型多元论者相对于生物学中选择单元辩论的立场来阐明这一概念，并建议在模型多元论者的观点中，存在关于选择单元的不同观点，例如基因的观点。实际上范·弗拉西斯的立场。在宗派。 4我讨论了泰勒（Teller）和查克拉瓦蒂（Chakravartty）等人提出的观点，即应将立场理解为认知政策，并认为这与以立场为观点的观点是一致的。在最后一节中，我批评Rowbottom试图将立场同化为Kuhnian范式。我认为，他忽略了立场与范式之间的一些重要异同，因此这种比较掩盖了所揭示的内容。

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