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首页> 外文期刊>Pain research & management: the journal of the Canadian Pain Society = journal de la socie?te? canadienne pour le traitement de la douleur >The influence of communicative relations on facial responses to pain: Does it matter who is watching?
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The influence of communicative relations on facial responses to pain: Does it matter who is watching?

机译：交往关系对面部对疼痛的反应的影响：谁在看是否重要？

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BACKGROUND: Facial responses to pain are believed to be an act of communication and, as such, are likely to be affected by the relationship between sender and receiver. OBJECTIVES: To investigate this effect by examining the impact that variations in communicative relations (from being alone to being with an intimate other) have on the elements of the facial language used to communicate pain (types of facial responses), and on the degree of facial expressiveness. METHODS: Facial responses of 126 healthy participants to phasic heat pain were assessed in three different social situations: alone, but aware of video recording; in the presence of an experimenter; and in the presence of an intimate other. Furthermore, pain catastrophizing and sex (of participant and experimenter) were considered as additional influences. RESULTS: Whereas similar types of facial responses were elicited independent of the relationship between sender and observer, the degree of facial expressiveness varied significantly, with increased expressiveness occurring in the presence of the partner. Interestingly, being with an experimenter decreased facial expressiveness only in women. Pain catastrophizing and the sex of the experimenter exhibited no substantial influence on facial responses. CONCLUSION: Variations in communicative relations had no effect on the elements of the facial pain language. The degree of facial expressiveness, however, was adapted to the relationship between sender and observer. Individuals suppressed their facial communication of pain toward unfamiliar persons, whereas they overtly displayed it in the presence of an intimate other. Furthermore, when confronted with an unfamiliar person, different situational demands appeared to apply for both sexes.
机译：背景：人们对疼痛的面部反应被认为是一种交流行为，因此，很可能会受到发送者和接收者之间关系的影响。目的：通过研究交流关系中的变化（从孤独到与亲密的人在一起）对用于传达疼痛的面部语言要素（面部反应的类型）以及对交流的程度的影响，来研究这种影响。面部表情。方法：在三种不同的社交场合中评估了126名健康参与者对相热痛的面部反应：独自一人，但了解录像;在实验者在场的情况下;并在一个亲密的他人面前。此外，疼痛的灾难性和（参与者和实验者的）性别被认为是另外的影响。结果：尽管发件人和观察者之间的关系无关，也会引起相似类型的面部反应，但是面部表情的表达程度却发生了很大的变化，伴有伴侣时面部表情的表达增加了。有趣的是，和一个实验者在一起只会降低女性的面部表情。痛苦的灾难性和实验者的性别对面部反应没有实质性影响。结论：交流关系的变化对面部疼痛语言的要素没有影响。但是，面部表情的程度已适应发送者和观察者之间的关系。个人压制了他们对陌​​生人的面部疼痛交流，而在有亲密他人的陪伴下，他们公开展示了疼痛。此外，当遇到一个陌生人时，男女双方都面临着不同的情境要求。

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