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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology >Vector seasonality, host infection dynamics and fitness of pathogens transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis.
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Vector seasonality, host infection dynamics and fitness of pathogens transmitted by the tick Ixodes scapularis.

机译：媒介传染性季节性变化，宿主感染动态和由the虱传染的病原体适应性。

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摘要

Fitness of tick-borne pathogens may be determined by the degree to which their infection dynamics in vertebrate hosts permits transmission cycles if infective and uninfected tick stages are active at different times of the year. To investigate this hypothesis we developed a simulation model that integrates the transmission pattern imposed by seasonally asynchronous nymphal and larval Ixodes scapularis ticks in northeastern North America, with a model of infection in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) reservoir hosts, using the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum as examples. In simulations, survival of microparasites, their sensitivity to reduced rodent and tick abundance, and to 'dilution' by a reservoir-incompetent host depended on traits that allowed (i) highly efficient transmission from acutely-infected hosts, (ii) long-lived acute or 'carrier' host infections, and/or (iii) transmission amongst co-feeding ticks. Minimum values for transmission efficiency to ticks, and duration of host infectivity, necessary for microparasite persistence, were always higher when nymphal and larval ticks were seasonally asynchronous than when these instars were synchronous. Thus, traits influencing duration of host infectivity, transmission efficiency to ticks and co-feeding transmission are likely to be dominant determinants of fitness in I. scapularis-borne microparasites in northeastern North America due to abiotic forcings influencing I. scapularis seasonality.
机译：tick传播的病原体的适应性可以通过在一年中不同时间感染和未感染的tick虫阶段活跃的脊椎动物宿主感染动态允许传播周期的程度来确定。为了研究这个假设，我们开发了一个模拟模型，该模型整合了北美东北部季节性非食虫和幼虫肩cap I的传播模式，并利用细菌Borrelia感染了白脚小鼠（白带病）水库宿主的感染模型。 burgdorferi和Anaplasma phagocytophilum为例。在模拟中，微寄生虫的生存，它们对啮齿动物和壁虱丰度降低的敏感性以及对缺乏储库能力的宿主进行“稀释”的敏感性取决于能够（i）从急性感染宿主高效传播，（ii）长寿命的特征急性或“携带者”宿主感染，和/或（iii）共同喂食s之间的传播。当若虫和幼虫的tick虫在季节上是异步的时，与tick虫同步发生时，to虫的传播效率和寄主传染性的持续时间（对于微寄生虫持久性所必需的）的最小值始终较高。因此，在北美东北部，由于非生物因素影响肩I鱼的季节性，影响寄主感染持续时间，to传播效率和共同喂养传播的特征可能是决定于肩I鱼微寄生虫适应性的主要决定因素。

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